SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgiafrom 1945 to 1970.
Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth.
In the early 1900s, Ga’s cotton crop was destroyed by
a. Floods b. Fires c. Boll Weevil
As a result of the loss of the cotton crop, Ga turned to new crops such as
aPumpkins b. Peanuts c. Apples
With the problems experienced in the agricultural field, Ga began to see the need for
a.to diversify by expanding new agricultural products and methods along with new industrial jobs.
b. to diversify by expanding new agricultural products and methods but not industry.
c. plant more cotton on newly developed land to make up for the earlier losses.
Explain how the development of Atlanta, including the roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports, contributed to the growth of Georgia.
The symbol for Atlanta is a mythical phoenix rising from the ashes of a fire which represents
a. The new industrial growth of Atlanta being burned down.
b. The new agricultural movement that became Atlanta’s rise from the ashes.
c. The new and improved Atlanta that successfully rose again after being burned by Sherman
William B. Hartsfield is best remembered for
a. Being mayor
b. his work in the civil rights movement
c. his contributions to business growth through connections with the airport.
With the invention of the “SuperStation”, Ted Turner
Changed the image of Ga as backwards to one of progressive innovation
Proved to the world that the Atlanta Braves had the BEST baseball team
Reinforced the image of Ga as a backwards-agricultural state.
Atlanta became a “gateway” to the south with its ability to draw people and businesses in through its
High tax rates b. transportation routes. c. CNN networks
Through the help of its governors and other civil rights leaders, Atlanta was seen as
A city of hate and civil rights discrimination
b. A backwards agricultural center
c. A model city for peaceful civil rights change
Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall.
Under the leadership of Ellis Arnall, Ga abolished the______________ which discriminated against African Americans.
Poll Tax b. Bus Boycott Laws c. Jim Crow Laws
Ellis Arnall is best remembered for saying “ Boys old enough to go to war should also be old enough to___________.”
Drive b. Vote c. Drink alcohol.
SS8H11 The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rightsmovement.
Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the1940s and 1950s; include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board ofEducation, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag.
In the 1940s and 50s, Ga experienced a “baby boom” due to
Television advertising
Better healthcare for mothers
The return of servicemen after WWII
At the end of World War 2,for the first time in history, many women chose
To remain on the farm and let men take back over in the workplace.
To have more children than ever before.
To remain on the job rather than return back home.
The G.I Bill
made getting home loans easy but place high interest rates on the loan for huge profits.
made getting home loans easier and the housing market grew rapidly.
Made getting home loans harder due the shortage of money after the war.
More returning servicemen chose to
Go to college for the first time than ever before.
Return to the farm and continue the family business.
Stay overseas and have families there.
Gov. Herman Talmadge changed the structure of Ga Schools by
Re-writing the Constitution by expanding the schools from grades 1-12
Raising the age required for children to enter school
Starting preschool program to help kids learn earlier.
The 1946 elections is also referred to as Ga’s
2 Governor Period b. 3 Governor Period c. 4 Governor Period
The election of 1946 governor of Ga was an example of
Strong segregationist ideas. B. Jim Crow laws in action. C. Reapportionment policies.
Dr Benjamin Mays was NOT
Member of the Atlanta school board b. president of a college c. mayor of Atlanta.
The court case, Brown v. Board of Education,
Started the “separate but Equal” ruling of the Supreme Court.
Declared the “Separate but Equal” ruling unconstitutional.
Said that the “Separate but Equal” ruling had to be applied to ALL states NOT just in the south.
The Sibley Commission was formed to get public opinion about
Racism b. Civil Rights Movement c. School integration.
Another “Hot” issue that demonstrated strong segregationist feeling was the 1956
Flag b. Bus boycott c. Lunch counter sit-ins
Martin Luther King Jr. based his civil rights beliefs upon similar beliefs of
Jesse Jackson and Maynard Jackson
Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Gandhi
Benjamin Mays and Malcolm X
Which of the following was NOT a civil rights act supported by Martin Luther King Jr.?
Lunch counter sit-ins
Economic Boycott
Direct and Violent Action
Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s; include such events as the founding of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Sibley Commission, admission of Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to the University of Georgia, Albany Movement, March on Washington, Civil Rights Act, the election of Maynard Jackson as mayor of Atlanta, and the role of Lester Maddox
24. The Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was organized to protest civil rights injustice
a. By organizing bus boycotts b. By organizing strikes c. By organizing sit-ins
25. Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes were
a. The first African Americans to enter an Atlanta high school
b. The first African Americans to enter an ALL WHITE factory as managers
c. The first African Americans to enter the University of GA
26. The movement that started as a protest against segregated interstate bus traffic at the local bus station and spread throughout the South was
a. Alabama movement b. Albany Movement c. Montgomery Bus Boycott
27. In the Late 1960s Atlanta was considered
a. A model for the rest of the world to follow in desegregation
b. A place of Civil Rights unrest with violent protests on a monthly basis
c. A place of extreme racism, especially in its leadership.
28. Who was the youngest and first African American mayor of Atlanta?
a. Benjamin Mays b. Maynard Jackson c. Andrew Young
Discuss the impact of Andrew Young on Georgia
Andrew Young brought world wide attention to Ga by doing all of the following except
Helped bring the Olympics to Ga b. being an Ambassador from Ga c. Becoming Governor
SS8H12 The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic, and political developments in Georgia since 1970.
Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and reapportionment.
The County Unit System Was designed to do all of the following EXCEPT
Keep the most political power in the hands of smaller rural white counties.
Allow more blacks to vote by abolishing the Poll Taxes.
Keep blacks from gaining political power and holding major offices.
The drawing of new district lines for representational purposes every 10 years is known as
Redistricting b. Reapportionment c. Census correction
The first and only President of the United States from GA is
Jimmy Carter b. Bubba carter c. Bill Clinton
All of the following happened in the Carter administration EXCEPT
Great economic success demonstrated by low fuel/gas prices and inflation rates
Middle –East Peace talks at Camp David
SALT Talks
SS8CG1 The student will describe the role of citizens under Georgia’s constitution
Explain the basic structure of the Georgia state constitution
Ga’s Constitution can be broken into
11 Amendments b. 11 Articles c. 11 Paragraphs
Ga’s Constitution is
Vastly different from the U.S. Constitution in its set up of the 3 branches of Government.
Much the same as the U.S. Constitution in its set up of the 3 branches of Government.
Exactly the same as the U.S. Constitution word for word.
Explain the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances
The system of “check and balances” in our government refers to
The ability of one branch of government to completely control the other 2 branches
The ability of the government to balance the budget and write checks to cover expenses
The ability of the government to share power between all 3 branches
The reason we have a system of checks and balances is to
Keep 1 branch from becoming too powerful
Keep control of the government in the hands of the people through voting
Keep a Democratic style government
The job of the Legislative branch is to
Rule on the constitutionality of laws
Make laws
Carry out the laws
The job of the Executive branch is to
Rule on the constitutionality of laws
Make laws
Carry out the laws
The job of the Judicial branch is to
Rule on the constitutionality of laws
Make laws
Carry out the laws
Explain voting requirements and elections in Georgia
To be eligible to vote in Ga, You must be all of the following EXCEPT
A legal resident of the State and County in which you are voting
19 years of age
A legal citizen of the United States
General Elections are held in _______________________ of every even numbered year.
October b. November c. December
Explain the role of political parties in government
Which of the following is NOT a major political party today?
Democratic b. Republican c. Independent
The purpose of different political parties is to
Cause confusion at election times so people will not have a clear idea of what is happening
Back certain candidate for office so the candidate can change everything the other side did while in office
Offer counterpoints and ideas of how to spend money, raise money, and care for the people of the State.
S8CG2 The student will analyze the role of the legislative branch in Georgia state government.
Explain the qualifications, term, election, and duties of members of the General Assembly
The legislative branch of the STATE government of Ga is known as the
General Assembly b. Congress c. House of Representatives
The legislative branch of the STATE government of Ga is made up of
State assembly and executive officers
Senate and Chamber of Assembly
Senate and House of Representatives
The term limit for a member of the legislative branch of the STATE government of GA is
2 years b. 4 years c. unlimited
The only difference in qualifications between the two branches of the legislative branch of the STATE government is
District qualifications b. age c. There is no difference
Describe the organization of the General Assembly, with emphasis on leadership and the committee system
The Lt. Governor presides over the
General Assembly b. House of Representatives c. Senate
The Speaker presides over
General Assembly b. House of Representatives c. Senate
One of the jobs of the Speaker and the Lt. Governor is to assign bills to
Committee b. Congress c. Veto legislation
Trace the steps in the legislative process for a bill to become a law in Georgia
Before a bill becomes a law it must
Be vetoed by the Senate
Pass the Senate
Pass both the Senate and the House of Representatives
The Governor has the right to ______________any bill from the General Assembly BUT may be overridden by a _____________ vote.
Pass, Veto b. Veto, Majority c. Veto, 2/3
SS8CG3 The student will analyze the role of the executive branch in Georgia state government.
Explain the qualifications, term, election, and duties of the governor and lieutenant governor
The highest ranking official of Ga Executive branch of State Government is the
Governor b. Lt Governor c. Speaker of the House
The Lt. Governor of Ga may be elected
For only 2 terms of office before “sitting out” a term and then running again
For only 3 terms of office
For unlimited terms of office
The Governor of Ga may be elected
For only 2 terms of office before “sitting out” a term and then running again
For only 3 terms of office
For unlimited terms of office
One of the duties of the Governor is to appoint
Sheriffs b. Judges c. School Superintendents
SS8CG4 The student will analyze the role of the judicial branch in Georgia state government.
Explain the structure of the court system in Georgia and how judges are selected.
The __________________ is the highest court of Ga and usually hears cases involving constitutional issues
Supreme Court b. Magistrate Court c. Probate
The __________________ is the court that hears mainly civil cases involving less than $15,000.
Supreme Court b. Magistrate Court c. Probate
The __________________ is the court that deals with wills and estates.
Supreme Court b. Magistrate Court c. Probate
Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law
________________ law refers to cases where there are disputes between two or more parties usually involving money.
Criminal b. Civil c. Probate
________________ law refers to case in which an actual law is broken and prosecution is needed.
Criminal b. Civil c. Probate
Describe the history of the juvenile court.
In 1911, the first juvenile court in GA was established in
Terrell County b. Fulton County c. Dougherty County
Before 1906, Juveniles were
Given special treatment by the court system.
Treated the same as adults
Treated the same as adults but were not locked up in jail with them.
Which of the following is NOT a stated goal of the Juvenile court system?
Fair treatment and prosecution of juveniles
Help protect the well being of children
Provide care for children removed from their home
A _____________________ is an offense that would be considered a crime if committed by an adult.
Statutory b. Delinquent c. Mandatory
One of the big differences in rights a juvenile is that you do not have a ___________ present to hear your case.
Judge b. Lawyer c. Jury
Juveniles have _________________________.
Rights only limited to juveniles and do not have the rights provide by the “Bill of Rights”
the same rights as all citizens of the U.S
No rights since they are not an adult
A _________________________ is where the judge hears the case and decides to have a “formal” slap on the wrist where the juvenile admits guilt and the judge usually releases the juvenile on probation.
Formal Hearing b. Trial c. Formal Adjustment
A _________________________is where the judge hears the case and hands out a sentence after hearing testimonies and witnesses. Formal Hearing b. Trial c. Formal Adjustment
Friday, March 6, 2009
SS8CG5
SS8CG5 The student will analyze the role of local governments in the state of Georgia.
a. Explain the origins, functions, purposes, and differences of county and city governments in Georgia.
County Government
• Counties are subdivisions of the state set up to carry out certain governmental functions
• The State Constitution mandates that Counties are to be uniform in organization and have specific powers.
• Most counties are run by a board of commissioners.
• A County administrator is chosen by the Board to carry out day to day functions.
• The County government oversees the running and upkeep of the county but may work in conjunction with the city government in certain areas.
• Based of the population of the county, there are different #s of County officials but most have clerks, attorneys, fire chiefs, inspectors, etc.
• County governments usually establish county policies, county tax rate, set the budget, adopt laws , and provide services to the county.
City Government
• A City with its own government is called a municipality.
• A city exists as a political unit by receiving a charter from the state legislature.To get a charter, it must meet 3 requirements
– Have at least 200 residents
– Be located at least 3 miles from another town
– Have 60% of its land divided into tracts being used for business purposes
• It can only do what the charter authorizes
• Examples of services: Police Dept., Maintain streets, license businesses, provide water and sewage
• Some cities have their own school system
b. Compare and contrast the weak mayor-council, the strong mayor-council, and the council-manager forms of city government.
2 Forms of City Gov’t
• Mayor Council Form – an elected city council made up of a mayor and other members run the affairs of the city.
• Weak Mayor Council – In this type, the mayor is a figurehead which is there to preside over the meetings but most of the power to pass legislation in the hands of the council members
• Strong Mayor Council – In this type, the mayor is a major figure with power to promote legislation, prepares budgets and control the council
• Council Manager Form – an elected body HIRES a person to MANAGE the laws passed by the city council and run day to day affairs. There may or may not be a mayor in this system.
• In the Mayor council system you have to go through a political process to get rid of them if you do not like the job being done but in the Council manager system the person can be fired as well hired. This can be both a pro and a con depending on the situation.
c. Describe the function of special purpose governments
Special Purpose Districts
• Created for certain or specific reasons or to accomplish certain tasks
• Most govern themselves.
• A School system is a good example. State Law requires children to attend school but most of the day to day organization and administering of policy is done by the local school board and its leaders.
• MARTA transportation is another example of a special district.
a. Explain the origins, functions, purposes, and differences of county and city governments in Georgia.
County Government
• Counties are subdivisions of the state set up to carry out certain governmental functions
• The State Constitution mandates that Counties are to be uniform in organization and have specific powers.
• Most counties are run by a board of commissioners.
• A County administrator is chosen by the Board to carry out day to day functions.
• The County government oversees the running and upkeep of the county but may work in conjunction with the city government in certain areas.
• Based of the population of the county, there are different #s of County officials but most have clerks, attorneys, fire chiefs, inspectors, etc.
• County governments usually establish county policies, county tax rate, set the budget, adopt laws , and provide services to the county.
City Government
• A City with its own government is called a municipality.
• A city exists as a political unit by receiving a charter from the state legislature.To get a charter, it must meet 3 requirements
– Have at least 200 residents
– Be located at least 3 miles from another town
– Have 60% of its land divided into tracts being used for business purposes
• It can only do what the charter authorizes
• Examples of services: Police Dept., Maintain streets, license businesses, provide water and sewage
• Some cities have their own school system
b. Compare and contrast the weak mayor-council, the strong mayor-council, and the council-manager forms of city government.
2 Forms of City Gov’t
• Mayor Council Form – an elected city council made up of a mayor and other members run the affairs of the city.
• Weak Mayor Council – In this type, the mayor is a figurehead which is there to preside over the meetings but most of the power to pass legislation in the hands of the council members
• Strong Mayor Council – In this type, the mayor is a major figure with power to promote legislation, prepares budgets and control the council
• Council Manager Form – an elected body HIRES a person to MANAGE the laws passed by the city council and run day to day affairs. There may or may not be a mayor in this system.
• In the Mayor council system you have to go through a political process to get rid of them if you do not like the job being done but in the Council manager system the person can be fired as well hired. This can be both a pro and a con depending on the situation.
c. Describe the function of special purpose governments
Special Purpose Districts
• Created for certain or specific reasons or to accomplish certain tasks
• Most govern themselves.
• A School system is a good example. State Law requires children to attend school but most of the day to day organization and administering of policy is done by the local school board and its leaders.
• MARTA transportation is another example of a special district.
SS8CG4
SS8CG4 The student will analyze the role of the judicial branch in Georgia state government.
a. Explain the structure of the court system in Georgia and how judges are selected.
Court Structure and Judges
• Ga Supreme Court is the highest court in Ga. It only hears cases appealed from lower courts decisions, reviews all cases in which the death penalty is given, and investigates the Constitutionality of law according to the state Constitution
• Court of Appeals is the 2nd highest court and it hears the appellate cases before they go to the Supreme Court.
• Trial courts are next and hear original criminal and civil cases with the Superior Court being the highest trial Court and all remaining being of equal importance but dealing with different areas of the law such State Court, Juvenile court ( deals with people under 17), Probate Court (deals with wills and estates), and Magistrate Court (hears civil cases under $15,000).
• Most judges are elected to office but in special cases the Governor may appoint a judge
b. Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law.
• Criminal Law – Cases that deal with violations of the Law
• Civil Law – Deals with disputes between two or more parties
• In other words, Criminal law has to do with criminals who break the law like theft, murder etc. while civil law has to with a disagreement between people like lawsuits usually involving money
c. Describe the history of the juvenile court.
Juvenile Justice History
• Before 1906 young people who broke the law were treated the same as adults and could be imprisoned with adults.
• In 1906, a new court was set up for people under the age of 18 thus establishing the Juvenile Justice System
• In 1911, Fulton County set up the 1st Juvenile Court and today every county in Ga has a Juvenile Court in place
• These courts have 3 main purposes
– Help protect the well being of children
– Ensure any child coming under the care of the court receives care, guidance, and control needed
– Provide care for children removed from their homes
• Delinquent Act is an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult
• Status Offense is an act that would not be considered a crime
• Juveniles are taken into custody not arrested
d. Compare the juvenile justice system to the adult justice system, emphasizing the different jurisdictions, terminology, and steps in the criminal justice process
Steps in Juvenile Justice
• 1 – Intake – officer turns juvenile over to court official
• 2 – Investigation – is there enough evidence to prosecute
• 3 – If no evidence then juvenile is released but if there is enough the juvenile may be handed to parents or detained and parents are notified
• 4 – Detained juveniles are detained in RYDC’s
• 5 – Detained Juveniles must have a probable cause hearing within 72 hours and the judge may
– Dismiss case
– Have an informal adjustment
– Have a Formal Hearing
Formal Adjustment
• A Formal Adjustment is a meeting required by the judge in which
• Usually involves 1st time offenders
• Agreed to by parents
• Young person admits wrongdoing
• Stays under the supervision of the court for approximately 90 days
• Juvenile promises to do certain things which may include repayment of damages, regular school attendance, or other things as set by the judge.
Formal Hearing
• A Formal hearing involves an actual court hearing
• Complaining witness files complaint and a summons is issued
• The first step is the Ad judicatory Hearing which is much like a court hearing without a jury. If the judge declares innocence, the juvenile is released but if he is found guilty then a 2nd court appearance is set.
• The 2nd step is the Dispositional Hearing in which the judge hands out the sentence. Both sides may call witnesses to try and influence the judges sentence
• The last step is the sentencing by the judge.
• A Juvenile does have the right to appeal just like an adult but overall the steps in the Juvenile Justice system are more closely monitored (with parental assistance if possible) than in adult cases.
e. Describe the rights of juveniles when taken into custody.
Juvenile Rights
• Juveniles have the Same Basic Rights as ALL citizens of the U.S
• They have the right to a speedy trial but unlike adults, their case is decided by a Judge NOT a Jury
• They have all the rights to a fair trial such as the right to
– Be notified of charges
– Be protected from self incrimination
– An attorney
– Confront and ask questions of witnesses
– Present a defense
– Introduce evidence
– Testify
– Have a parent present during all hearings
Juvenile Rights
f. Describe ways to avoid trouble and settle disputes peacefully.
Student Responsibilities
• While students rights are protected within the school system there are also student responsibilities
• Students should obey reasonable rules, regulations and guidelines as established by the school.
• Students should allow teachers or school officials to handle disputes
• Students should try to work with others to maintain a learning environment and focus on education
• Should should allow legal authorities to settle problems when it becomes necessary rather then try to “handle it themselves”
a. Explain the structure of the court system in Georgia and how judges are selected.
Court Structure and Judges
• Ga Supreme Court is the highest court in Ga. It only hears cases appealed from lower courts decisions, reviews all cases in which the death penalty is given, and investigates the Constitutionality of law according to the state Constitution
• Court of Appeals is the 2nd highest court and it hears the appellate cases before they go to the Supreme Court.
• Trial courts are next and hear original criminal and civil cases with the Superior Court being the highest trial Court and all remaining being of equal importance but dealing with different areas of the law such State Court, Juvenile court ( deals with people under 17), Probate Court (deals with wills and estates), and Magistrate Court (hears civil cases under $15,000).
• Most judges are elected to office but in special cases the Governor may appoint a judge
b. Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law.
• Criminal Law – Cases that deal with violations of the Law
• Civil Law – Deals with disputes between two or more parties
• In other words, Criminal law has to do with criminals who break the law like theft, murder etc. while civil law has to with a disagreement between people like lawsuits usually involving money
c. Describe the history of the juvenile court.
Juvenile Justice History
• Before 1906 young people who broke the law were treated the same as adults and could be imprisoned with adults.
• In 1906, a new court was set up for people under the age of 18 thus establishing the Juvenile Justice System
• In 1911, Fulton County set up the 1st Juvenile Court and today every county in Ga has a Juvenile Court in place
• These courts have 3 main purposes
– Help protect the well being of children
– Ensure any child coming under the care of the court receives care, guidance, and control needed
– Provide care for children removed from their homes
• Delinquent Act is an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult
• Status Offense is an act that would not be considered a crime
• Juveniles are taken into custody not arrested
d. Compare the juvenile justice system to the adult justice system, emphasizing the different jurisdictions, terminology, and steps in the criminal justice process
Steps in Juvenile Justice
• 1 – Intake – officer turns juvenile over to court official
• 2 – Investigation – is there enough evidence to prosecute
• 3 – If no evidence then juvenile is released but if there is enough the juvenile may be handed to parents or detained and parents are notified
• 4 – Detained juveniles are detained in RYDC’s
• 5 – Detained Juveniles must have a probable cause hearing within 72 hours and the judge may
– Dismiss case
– Have an informal adjustment
– Have a Formal Hearing
Formal Adjustment
• A Formal Adjustment is a meeting required by the judge in which
• Usually involves 1st time offenders
• Agreed to by parents
• Young person admits wrongdoing
• Stays under the supervision of the court for approximately 90 days
• Juvenile promises to do certain things which may include repayment of damages, regular school attendance, or other things as set by the judge.
Formal Hearing
• A Formal hearing involves an actual court hearing
• Complaining witness files complaint and a summons is issued
• The first step is the Ad judicatory Hearing which is much like a court hearing without a jury. If the judge declares innocence, the juvenile is released but if he is found guilty then a 2nd court appearance is set.
• The 2nd step is the Dispositional Hearing in which the judge hands out the sentence. Both sides may call witnesses to try and influence the judges sentence
• The last step is the sentencing by the judge.
• A Juvenile does have the right to appeal just like an adult but overall the steps in the Juvenile Justice system are more closely monitored (with parental assistance if possible) than in adult cases.
e. Describe the rights of juveniles when taken into custody.
Juvenile Rights
• Juveniles have the Same Basic Rights as ALL citizens of the U.S
• They have the right to a speedy trial but unlike adults, their case is decided by a Judge NOT a Jury
• They have all the rights to a fair trial such as the right to
– Be notified of charges
– Be protected from self incrimination
– An attorney
– Confront and ask questions of witnesses
– Present a defense
– Introduce evidence
– Testify
– Have a parent present during all hearings
Juvenile Rights
f. Describe ways to avoid trouble and settle disputes peacefully.
Student Responsibilities
• While students rights are protected within the school system there are also student responsibilities
• Students should obey reasonable rules, regulations and guidelines as established by the school.
• Students should allow teachers or school officials to handle disputes
• Students should try to work with others to maintain a learning environment and focus on education
• Should should allow legal authorities to settle problems when it becomes necessary rather then try to “handle it themselves”
SS8CG3
SS8CG3 The student will analyze the role of the executive branch in Georgia state government.
a. Explain the qualifications, term, election, and duties of the governor and lieutenant governor
Governor and Lt. Governor
• Both are elected by popular vote every four years
• Qualification for both offices are the Same
– Minimum age of 30
– Resident of the U.S. for at least 15 years
– Resident of the State for at least 6 years
• Term Limits
– Both elected to four terms
– Gov can only serve 2 terms consecutively before sitting out for 4 years, then he may be re-elected
– The Lt Gov may be elected to office as many times as he runs with no break in term
• The Lt. Gov takes over the office of Gov in case the Gov cannot perform his duty
Governor and Lt. Governor Duties
• The Governor is the highest ranking official in the Executive Branch. His Duties include:
– Appointment of people to state positions and ensure civil and criminal laws are enforced
– Sign or veto bills
– Call special sessions of the legislature
– Pardon people for crimes
– Appoint judges
• Lt Governor
– Preside over the Senate
– Assign Bills to Committee
– Rule in place of Gov if something happens
Executive Branch Organization
• The Executive branch is presided over by the Governor with the Lt Gov 2nd in command
• Other offices such as the State Attorney General, Commissioner of Agriculture, Commissioner of Labor, Commissioner of Insurance, Public Service Commissioner, Secretary of State, and State School Superintendent also make up the Executive BranchThese offices all have specific duties involving areas of policy within the State. Each comes directly under the supervision and authority of the Governors office but works independently. The Governor needs key people he can trust in place to handle the day to day running of these individual offices so he can concentrate on other duties
a. Explain the qualifications, term, election, and duties of the governor and lieutenant governor
Governor and Lt. Governor
• Both are elected by popular vote every four years
• Qualification for both offices are the Same
– Minimum age of 30
– Resident of the U.S. for at least 15 years
– Resident of the State for at least 6 years
• Term Limits
– Both elected to four terms
– Gov can only serve 2 terms consecutively before sitting out for 4 years, then he may be re-elected
– The Lt Gov may be elected to office as many times as he runs with no break in term
• The Lt. Gov takes over the office of Gov in case the Gov cannot perform his duty
Governor and Lt. Governor Duties
• The Governor is the highest ranking official in the Executive Branch. His Duties include:
– Appointment of people to state positions and ensure civil and criminal laws are enforced
– Sign or veto bills
– Call special sessions of the legislature
– Pardon people for crimes
– Appoint judges
• Lt Governor
– Preside over the Senate
– Assign Bills to Committee
– Rule in place of Gov if something happens
Executive Branch Organization
• The Executive branch is presided over by the Governor with the Lt Gov 2nd in command
• Other offices such as the State Attorney General, Commissioner of Agriculture, Commissioner of Labor, Commissioner of Insurance, Public Service Commissioner, Secretary of State, and State School Superintendent also make up the Executive BranchThese offices all have specific duties involving areas of policy within the State. Each comes directly under the supervision and authority of the Governors office but works independently. The Governor needs key people he can trust in place to handle the day to day running of these individual offices so he can concentrate on other duties
Thursday, February 5, 2009
SS8CG2
S8CG2 The student will analyze the role of the legislative branch in Georgia state government..
a. Explain the qualifications, term, election, and duties of members of the General Assembly
General Assembly of Ga
The General Assembly of Ga is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives (180 Representatives and 56 Senators)
Members are elected by Popular Vote in their home district
There is no term limit for any member
Members elected to the Senate and House must be
Citizens of the U.S.
Citizens of Ga for at least 2 years
Legal Residents of the district they represent
The only difference is the age requirement. In the Senate you must be at least 25 but in the House you can be elected at 21 years old.
They meet for a 40 day session starting the 2nd Monday in January
Their duties are to create bills, pass and/or amend laws, and oversee and/or set public regulations.
They deal with a variety of topics from inheritance laws to t.axes
b. Describe the organization of the General Assembly, with emphasis on leadership and the committee system.
General Assembly Organization
The Senate is presided over by the Lt. Gov. He only votes in the case of a tie. The House elects a Speaker to represent them
They both appoint committees and chairpersons to those committees.
They assign bills to be reviewed by those committees.
Committees
Study bills closely for changes corrections legalities before bringing it to their domain for a vote
May be permanent and are called "standing committees" or may be specially formed for short periods or to examine certain topics
Interim Committees work on topics while the legislature is NOT in regular session
Conference Committees form when the House and Senate pass different versions of the Same bill
Joint Committees contain members from both parts who work together on a particular issue of bill
c. Trace the steps in the legislative process for a bill to become a law in Georgia
From Bill to Law - 9 Steps
1 – A legal proposal is written and given to clerk who assigns it a #
2 – Copies are made and handed out and it assigned to a committee
3 – Information is gathered, research conducted and discussed
4- In committee the bill may be changed, approved as is, or denied
5 – If recommended by committee the bill goes before the Chamber where they discuss, debate, and possibly amend it
6 – When the bill is passed by the Chamber, it is then passed to the other branch
7 – The bill is then assigned to committee in that chamber and undergoes the same review process
8- After passing both chamber of legislature, the bill is signed by all the presiding officers before giving it to the Governor
9 - After getting the Bill the Gov may A) sign it into law B) take no action and let it be a law without his Signature C) Veto It.
If he vetoes the bill the legislature may still pass it with a 2/3 vote
a. Explain the qualifications, term, election, and duties of members of the General Assembly
General Assembly of Ga
The General Assembly of Ga is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives (180 Representatives and 56 Senators)
Members are elected by Popular Vote in their home district
There is no term limit for any member
Members elected to the Senate and House must be
Citizens of the U.S.
Citizens of Ga for at least 2 years
Legal Residents of the district they represent
The only difference is the age requirement. In the Senate you must be at least 25 but in the House you can be elected at 21 years old.
They meet for a 40 day session starting the 2nd Monday in January
Their duties are to create bills, pass and/or amend laws, and oversee and/or set public regulations.
They deal with a variety of topics from inheritance laws to t.axes
b. Describe the organization of the General Assembly, with emphasis on leadership and the committee system.
General Assembly Organization
The Senate is presided over by the Lt. Gov. He only votes in the case of a tie. The House elects a Speaker to represent them
They both appoint committees and chairpersons to those committees.
They assign bills to be reviewed by those committees.
Committees
Study bills closely for changes corrections legalities before bringing it to their domain for a vote
May be permanent and are called "standing committees" or may be specially formed for short periods or to examine certain topics
Interim Committees work on topics while the legislature is NOT in regular session
Conference Committees form when the House and Senate pass different versions of the Same bill
Joint Committees contain members from both parts who work together on a particular issue of bill
c. Trace the steps in the legislative process for a bill to become a law in Georgia
From Bill to Law - 9 Steps
1 – A legal proposal is written and given to clerk who assigns it a #
2 – Copies are made and handed out and it assigned to a committee
3 – Information is gathered, research conducted and discussed
4- In committee the bill may be changed, approved as is, or denied
5 – If recommended by committee the bill goes before the Chamber where they discuss, debate, and possibly amend it
6 – When the bill is passed by the Chamber, it is then passed to the other branch
7 – The bill is then assigned to committee in that chamber and undergoes the same review process
8- After passing both chamber of legislature, the bill is signed by all the presiding officers before giving it to the Governor
9 - After getting the Bill the Gov may A) sign it into law B) take no action and let it be a law without his Signature C) Veto It.
If he vetoes the bill the legislature may still pass it with a 2/3 vote
Benchmark Exam
GPS SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgia from 1945 to 1970.
a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth.
b. Explain how the development of Atlanta including the roles of mayors William B.
Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports, contributed to the growth of Georgia.
c. Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall.
GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced
in Georgia during different historical periods.
637. What was the most important crop in Georgia before World War II?
A. blueberries
B. cotton
C. peanuts
D. soybeans
639. Which statement does NOT describe a major impact on agriculture in Georgia since World War II?
A. Technology has resulted in new crops.
B. Technology has changed the way farming is done.
C. Technology has converted more land to farmland.
D. Technology has brought about a reduction of farmland.
640. Which is NOT a result of the consolidation of farmland in Georgia?
A. Fewer products are produced by the smaller number of farmers.
B. More land has been used for residential or commercial ventures.
C. International markets for Georgia’s farm products have been expanded.
D. The number of related farm businesses, i.e. fertilizer producers, has decreased.
643. What job is LEAST associated with Georgia’s agriculture today?
A. agricultural economists
B. landscape engineers
C. subsistence farmers
D. entomologists
646. What is a key reason for the migration of people into Georgia since the 1960s?
A. successful school reform programs
B. diversified economy
C. city infrastructure
D. abundant airports
647. Which development had little effect on Georgia’s population growth?
A. new sources of revenue
B. new job creation in cities
C. balanced political power
D. expanding highway construction
652. Which is NOT a current conflict between the rural and urban “two Georgias?”
A. equity in educational resources from funding formulas between state and local taxes
B. equity in water resources from the use and pollution of lakes, rivers, and streams
C. equity in employment opportunities from business and industry
D. equity in recreational resources from state parks
653. Which term is used to describe the residential area immediately around cities?
A. rural
B. suburban
C. urban decay
D. bedroom communities
655. Which statement BEST reflects the negative impact of suburban communities on cities?
A. Cities have more industries.
B. Suburbs have more restaurants.
C. Cities have a declining tax base.
D. Suburbs have larger residential lots.
657. Which problem was created by commuting from the suburbs?
A. car pool lanes
B. dwindling city parks
C. increased air pollution
D. failing public transportation systems
664. What was the issue for which William Hartsfield is best remembered?
A. education
B. tax reform
C. aviation
D. business
673. Who was the Georgia native who was the first African American major league baseball player?
A. Hank Aaron
B. Willie Mays
C. Satchel Paige
D. Jackie Robinson
675. Which state agency was removed from control of the governor’s office under the administration of Ellis Arnall?
A. Department of Natural Resources
B. Department of Revenue
C. Board of Public Safety
D. Board of Regents
GPS SS8H11 The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rights movement.
a. Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the 1940s and 1950s to include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board of Education, and Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag.
b. Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s including such events as the founding of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Sibley Commission, admission of Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to University of Georgia, Albany Movement, march on Washington, Civil Rights Act, the election of Maynard Jackson as mayor of Atlanta, and the role of Lester Maddox.
c. Discuss the impact of Andrew Young on Georgia.
682. What was the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education?
A. Schools would be segregated and kept separate.
B. The separate-but-equal policy was unconstitutional.
C. Black schools would get more money for books and teachers.
D. Blacks could only attend white schools if there was space available.
683. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?
A. It named black principals at previously all-white schools.
B. It gave more state tax money to schools that did not integrate.
C. It withheld federal funds from schools that did not end segregation.
D. It provided armed escorts for students wanting to attend white schools.
684. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., favored bringing about social change through
A. unity.
B. democracy.
C. compromise.
D. nonviolence.
685. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did NOT integrate
A. public recreational areas.
B. restaurants.
C. churches.
D. hotels.
687. Before the civil rights movements of the 1960s there were NOT any
A. water fountains with signs “Whites Only.”
B. integrated armed forces.
C. lunch counter sit-ins.
D. integrated schools.
689. Which action of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., directly influenced the passage of the
Voting Rights Act of 1965?
A. march from Selma to Montgomery
B. Montgomery bus boycott
C. march on Washington
D. Albany Movement
693. What office did Benjamin Mays hold?
A. state legislator
B. mayor of Atlanta
C. governor of Georgia
D. Atlanta board of education member
697. Which was NOT given as a reason for changing the Georgia state flag of 1956 by those
who opposed it?
A. It represented the past instead of looking toward the future.
B. It damaged Georgia’s tourist industry.
C. It was hard for students to draw.
D. It was a symbol of slavery.
706. What organization was founded two months after the 1960 sit-in at the Woolworth’s
lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina?
A. CORE
B. NAACP
C. SCLC
D. SNCC
707. The purpose of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was to promote
A. civil rights for all citizens.
B. equal rights for African Americans.
C. civil disobedience in transportation discrimination.
D. church attendance and membership among the African American community.
708. The focus of the Albany Movement in Georgia was to
A. end segregation of public schools in Albany.
B. integrate interstate bus station waiting rooms in Albany.
C. implement a “first-come, first-served” policy on Albany buses.
D. force the hiring of African American bus drivers for Albany’s bus station.
710. The purpose of the Sibley Commission was to
A. study the problem of school integration.
B. develop a plan for securing jobs for blacks.
C. set up a series of meetings to bring blacks and whites together.
D. make recommendations for desegregation in public transportation.
712. Who was the first black mayor of Atlanta?
A. Hamilton Holmes
B. Maynard Jackson
C. Sam Massell
D. Andrew Young
713. Who was one of the first blacks to be admitted to the University of Georgia?
A. Charlayne Hunter
B. Maynard Jackson
C. Rosa Parks
D. Andrew Young
716. Which African American did NOT serve as mayor of Atlanta?
A. Bill Campbell
B. Shirley Franklin
C. Benjamin Mays
D. Andrew Young
717. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech is associated with
A. the Montgomery bus boycott.
B. the march on Washington, D.C.
C. his “Letter from the Birmingham Jail.”
D. a eulogy given at the funeral of Martin Luther King, Sr.
724. To what position did President Jimmy Carter appoint Andrew Young?
A. secretary of housing and urban development
B. ambassador to the United Nations
C. ambassador to South Africa
D. secretary of the interior
GPS SS8H12 The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic,and political developments in Georgia since 1970.
a. Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and reapportionment.
b. Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president.
c. Analyze the impact of the rise of the two-party system in Georgia.
d. Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.
e. Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia.
GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods.
GPS SS8E2 The student will explain the benefit of free trade.
a. Describe how Georgians have engaged in trade in different historical time periods.
b. Explain Georgia’s role in world trade today.
GPS SS8E3 The student will evaluate the influence of Georgia’s economic growth and development.
a. Define profit and describe how profit is an incentive for entrepreneurs.
b. Explain how entrepreneurs take risks to develop new goods and services to start a business.
c. Evaluate the importance of entrepreneurs in Georgia who developed such enterprises as Coca Cola, Delta Airlines, Georgia-Pacific, and Home Depot.
743. What change did NOT occur in Georgia as a result of the end of the county unit system?
A. More political power went to the more heavily populated areas.
B. More women were elected to state office in the executive branch.
C. More African Americans were elected to office in the state legislature.
D. More members of the General Assembly were elected from the urban areas.
747. The elimination of the county unit system did NOT
A. change the campaign styles of politicians.
B. make the black vote more important.
C. shift political power to urban areas.
D. increase the number of voters.
748. How did the end of the county unit system change the focus of campaigning in Georgia?
A. Political rallies were held less often.
B. Candidates used television more often.
C. Candidates had to appeal to voters statewide.
D. Candidates concentrated on larger populated areas, which had more voters.
749. The term that means to “redraw the boundaries of election districts” is
A. realignment.
B. reapportionment.
C. reconstruction.
D. redistricting.
755. What did NOT occur during President Jimmy Carter’s term?
A. stable, strong economy
B. Camp David Peace Accords
C. ratification of the Panama Canal treaties
D. establishment of diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China
756. Jimmy Carter was born in
A. Athens.
B. Atlanta.
C. Marietta.
D. Plains.
757. The SALT II agreement was negotiated to control
A. arms.
B. alliances.
C. space travel.
D. foreign trade.
759. What was the centerpiece of Jimmy Carter’s foreign policy?
A. containing communism
B. international free trade
C. human rights
D. isolationism
760. What new cabinet position was created under President Jimmy Carter?
A. Department of Education
B. Department of Homeland Security
C. Department of Transportation
D. Department of Urban Affairs
763. The Iranian hostage crisis began when the
A. exiled Shah of Iran was admitted to the United States for medical treatment.
B. United States sided with Iraq in a war between Iraq and Iran.
C. negotiations with the new government in Iran stopped.
D. United States invaded Iran and liberated Kuwait.
769. Which factor denoted a two-party political system in Georgia in the 2002 elections?
A. Republican Sonny Perdue was elected governor of Georgia.
B. Democrats controlled the House, and there was a Republican governor.
C. There was a full slate of candidates for statewide offices from both the Democratic and
Republican parties.
D. Democrats controlled the Georgia General Assembly, but Republicans were elected to
the U.S. Senate and House from Georgia.
770. Which is NOT an advantage of a two-party system?
A. It is costly in both time and money.
B. It provides more choices for the voters.
C. It provides a system of checks and balances for each party.
D. It requires the elected officials to keep the support of the voters.
771. Since Reconstruction, most political figures in Georgia have been members of which political party?
A. Democratic
B. Libertarian
C. Republican
D. Unitarian
773. The first Republican governor in Georgia in 130 years was
A. James Earl Carter.
B. Joe Frank Harris.
C. Zell Miller.
D. Sonny Perdue.
774. Which statement BEST describes the role of political parties in Georgia over the last hundred years?
A. Three political parties have played a major role in Georgia politics.
B. For most of the time Georgia was dominated by one political party.
C. Georgia has gradually changed from a two-party to a one-party system.
D. Minority parties have been less important than the two major political parties.
776. Which statement BEST describes the benefit Georgia received from hosting the 1996 Olympics?
A. Georgia received international media attention and recognition for the state and the
host city, Atlanta, which lead to tourism and international business expansion.
B. Georgia received world-class athletic facilities throughout the state for use by its own
citizens and visitors to the state.
C. Georgia’s convention and meeting facilities, transportation infrastructure, and southern
hospitality were showcased.
D. Georgia did not have to pay for the production of the televised Olympic Games.
784. Which international business did NOT have its beginnings in Georgia?
A. Coca-Cola
B. Delta Airlines
C. Home Depot
D. Microsoft
786. Perhaps the GREATEST risk taken by the makers of Coca-Cola in an effort to increase their profit was a decision to change the soft drink’s
A. price.
B. name.
C. formula.D. advertising.
a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth.
b. Explain how the development of Atlanta including the roles of mayors William B.
Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports, contributed to the growth of Georgia.
c. Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall.
GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced
in Georgia during different historical periods.
637. What was the most important crop in Georgia before World War II?
A. blueberries
B. cotton
C. peanuts
D. soybeans
639. Which statement does NOT describe a major impact on agriculture in Georgia since World War II?
A. Technology has resulted in new crops.
B. Technology has changed the way farming is done.
C. Technology has converted more land to farmland.
D. Technology has brought about a reduction of farmland.
640. Which is NOT a result of the consolidation of farmland in Georgia?
A. Fewer products are produced by the smaller number of farmers.
B. More land has been used for residential or commercial ventures.
C. International markets for Georgia’s farm products have been expanded.
D. The number of related farm businesses, i.e. fertilizer producers, has decreased.
643. What job is LEAST associated with Georgia’s agriculture today?
A. agricultural economists
B. landscape engineers
C. subsistence farmers
D. entomologists
646. What is a key reason for the migration of people into Georgia since the 1960s?
A. successful school reform programs
B. diversified economy
C. city infrastructure
D. abundant airports
647. Which development had little effect on Georgia’s population growth?
A. new sources of revenue
B. new job creation in cities
C. balanced political power
D. expanding highway construction
652. Which is NOT a current conflict between the rural and urban “two Georgias?”
A. equity in educational resources from funding formulas between state and local taxes
B. equity in water resources from the use and pollution of lakes, rivers, and streams
C. equity in employment opportunities from business and industry
D. equity in recreational resources from state parks
653. Which term is used to describe the residential area immediately around cities?
A. rural
B. suburban
C. urban decay
D. bedroom communities
655. Which statement BEST reflects the negative impact of suburban communities on cities?
A. Cities have more industries.
B. Suburbs have more restaurants.
C. Cities have a declining tax base.
D. Suburbs have larger residential lots.
657. Which problem was created by commuting from the suburbs?
A. car pool lanes
B. dwindling city parks
C. increased air pollution
D. failing public transportation systems
664. What was the issue for which William Hartsfield is best remembered?
A. education
B. tax reform
C. aviation
D. business
673. Who was the Georgia native who was the first African American major league baseball player?
A. Hank Aaron
B. Willie Mays
C. Satchel Paige
D. Jackie Robinson
675. Which state agency was removed from control of the governor’s office under the administration of Ellis Arnall?
A. Department of Natural Resources
B. Department of Revenue
C. Board of Public Safety
D. Board of Regents
GPS SS8H11 The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rights movement.
a. Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the 1940s and 1950s to include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board of Education, and Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag.
b. Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s including such events as the founding of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Sibley Commission, admission of Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to University of Georgia, Albany Movement, march on Washington, Civil Rights Act, the election of Maynard Jackson as mayor of Atlanta, and the role of Lester Maddox.
c. Discuss the impact of Andrew Young on Georgia.
682. What was the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education?
A. Schools would be segregated and kept separate.
B. The separate-but-equal policy was unconstitutional.
C. Black schools would get more money for books and teachers.
D. Blacks could only attend white schools if there was space available.
683. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?
A. It named black principals at previously all-white schools.
B. It gave more state tax money to schools that did not integrate.
C. It withheld federal funds from schools that did not end segregation.
D. It provided armed escorts for students wanting to attend white schools.
684. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., favored bringing about social change through
A. unity.
B. democracy.
C. compromise.
D. nonviolence.
685. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did NOT integrate
A. public recreational areas.
B. restaurants.
C. churches.
D. hotels.
687. Before the civil rights movements of the 1960s there were NOT any
A. water fountains with signs “Whites Only.”
B. integrated armed forces.
C. lunch counter sit-ins.
D. integrated schools.
689. Which action of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., directly influenced the passage of the
Voting Rights Act of 1965?
A. march from Selma to Montgomery
B. Montgomery bus boycott
C. march on Washington
D. Albany Movement
693. What office did Benjamin Mays hold?
A. state legislator
B. mayor of Atlanta
C. governor of Georgia
D. Atlanta board of education member
697. Which was NOT given as a reason for changing the Georgia state flag of 1956 by those
who opposed it?
A. It represented the past instead of looking toward the future.
B. It damaged Georgia’s tourist industry.
C. It was hard for students to draw.
D. It was a symbol of slavery.
706. What organization was founded two months after the 1960 sit-in at the Woolworth’s
lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina?
A. CORE
B. NAACP
C. SCLC
D. SNCC
707. The purpose of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was to promote
A. civil rights for all citizens.
B. equal rights for African Americans.
C. civil disobedience in transportation discrimination.
D. church attendance and membership among the African American community.
708. The focus of the Albany Movement in Georgia was to
A. end segregation of public schools in Albany.
B. integrate interstate bus station waiting rooms in Albany.
C. implement a “first-come, first-served” policy on Albany buses.
D. force the hiring of African American bus drivers for Albany’s bus station.
710. The purpose of the Sibley Commission was to
A. study the problem of school integration.
B. develop a plan for securing jobs for blacks.
C. set up a series of meetings to bring blacks and whites together.
D. make recommendations for desegregation in public transportation.
712. Who was the first black mayor of Atlanta?
A. Hamilton Holmes
B. Maynard Jackson
C. Sam Massell
D. Andrew Young
713. Who was one of the first blacks to be admitted to the University of Georgia?
A. Charlayne Hunter
B. Maynard Jackson
C. Rosa Parks
D. Andrew Young
716. Which African American did NOT serve as mayor of Atlanta?
A. Bill Campbell
B. Shirley Franklin
C. Benjamin Mays
D. Andrew Young
717. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech is associated with
A. the Montgomery bus boycott.
B. the march on Washington, D.C.
C. his “Letter from the Birmingham Jail.”
D. a eulogy given at the funeral of Martin Luther King, Sr.
724. To what position did President Jimmy Carter appoint Andrew Young?
A. secretary of housing and urban development
B. ambassador to the United Nations
C. ambassador to South Africa
D. secretary of the interior
GPS SS8H12 The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic,and political developments in Georgia since 1970.
a. Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and reapportionment.
b. Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president.
c. Analyze the impact of the rise of the two-party system in Georgia.
d. Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.
e. Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia.
GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods.
GPS SS8E2 The student will explain the benefit of free trade.
a. Describe how Georgians have engaged in trade in different historical time periods.
b. Explain Georgia’s role in world trade today.
GPS SS8E3 The student will evaluate the influence of Georgia’s economic growth and development.
a. Define profit and describe how profit is an incentive for entrepreneurs.
b. Explain how entrepreneurs take risks to develop new goods and services to start a business.
c. Evaluate the importance of entrepreneurs in Georgia who developed such enterprises as Coca Cola, Delta Airlines, Georgia-Pacific, and Home Depot.
743. What change did NOT occur in Georgia as a result of the end of the county unit system?
A. More political power went to the more heavily populated areas.
B. More women were elected to state office in the executive branch.
C. More African Americans were elected to office in the state legislature.
D. More members of the General Assembly were elected from the urban areas.
747. The elimination of the county unit system did NOT
A. change the campaign styles of politicians.
B. make the black vote more important.
C. shift political power to urban areas.
D. increase the number of voters.
748. How did the end of the county unit system change the focus of campaigning in Georgia?
A. Political rallies were held less often.
B. Candidates used television more often.
C. Candidates had to appeal to voters statewide.
D. Candidates concentrated on larger populated areas, which had more voters.
749. The term that means to “redraw the boundaries of election districts” is
A. realignment.
B. reapportionment.
C. reconstruction.
D. redistricting.
755. What did NOT occur during President Jimmy Carter’s term?
A. stable, strong economy
B. Camp David Peace Accords
C. ratification of the Panama Canal treaties
D. establishment of diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China
756. Jimmy Carter was born in
A. Athens.
B. Atlanta.
C. Marietta.
D. Plains.
757. The SALT II agreement was negotiated to control
A. arms.
B. alliances.
C. space travel.
D. foreign trade.
759. What was the centerpiece of Jimmy Carter’s foreign policy?
A. containing communism
B. international free trade
C. human rights
D. isolationism
760. What new cabinet position was created under President Jimmy Carter?
A. Department of Education
B. Department of Homeland Security
C. Department of Transportation
D. Department of Urban Affairs
763. The Iranian hostage crisis began when the
A. exiled Shah of Iran was admitted to the United States for medical treatment.
B. United States sided with Iraq in a war between Iraq and Iran.
C. negotiations with the new government in Iran stopped.
D. United States invaded Iran and liberated Kuwait.
769. Which factor denoted a two-party political system in Georgia in the 2002 elections?
A. Republican Sonny Perdue was elected governor of Georgia.
B. Democrats controlled the House, and there was a Republican governor.
C. There was a full slate of candidates for statewide offices from both the Democratic and
Republican parties.
D. Democrats controlled the Georgia General Assembly, but Republicans were elected to
the U.S. Senate and House from Georgia.
770. Which is NOT an advantage of a two-party system?
A. It is costly in both time and money.
B. It provides more choices for the voters.
C. It provides a system of checks and balances for each party.
D. It requires the elected officials to keep the support of the voters.
771. Since Reconstruction, most political figures in Georgia have been members of which political party?
A. Democratic
B. Libertarian
C. Republican
D. Unitarian
773. The first Republican governor in Georgia in 130 years was
A. James Earl Carter.
B. Joe Frank Harris.
C. Zell Miller.
D. Sonny Perdue.
774. Which statement BEST describes the role of political parties in Georgia over the last hundred years?
A. Three political parties have played a major role in Georgia politics.
B. For most of the time Georgia was dominated by one political party.
C. Georgia has gradually changed from a two-party to a one-party system.
D. Minority parties have been less important than the two major political parties.
776. Which statement BEST describes the benefit Georgia received from hosting the 1996 Olympics?
A. Georgia received international media attention and recognition for the state and the
host city, Atlanta, which lead to tourism and international business expansion.
B. Georgia received world-class athletic facilities throughout the state for use by its own
citizens and visitors to the state.
C. Georgia’s convention and meeting facilities, transportation infrastructure, and southern
hospitality were showcased.
D. Georgia did not have to pay for the production of the televised Olympic Games.
784. Which international business did NOT have its beginnings in Georgia?
A. Coca-Cola
B. Delta Airlines
C. Home Depot
D. Microsoft
786. Perhaps the GREATEST risk taken by the makers of Coca-Cola in an effort to increase their profit was a decision to change the soft drink’s
A. price.
B. name.
C. formula.D. advertising.
Satndard CG1
SS8CG1 The student will describe the role of citizens under Georgia’s constitution.A. Explain the basic structure of the Georgia state constitution.
Ga Constitution
• Broken into 11 Articles (Parts)
• Article 1 – Bill of Rights
• Article 2 – Voting and Election Procedures
• Article 3 – Legislative Branch
• Article 4 – Constitutional Boards and Commissions
• Article 5 – Executive Branch
• Article 6 – Judicial Branch
• Article 7 – Taxation and Finance
• Article 8 – Education
• Article 9 – Counties and Municipal Corporations
• Article 10 – Amendments to the Constitution
• Article 11 – Miscellaneous Provisions
b. Explain the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances.
Separation of Powers
• In establishing our country and creating a government, many people remembered the absolute control that a ruler could have over the land. The founding fathers did not want a dictator who could rule without question or consequences for their actions
• Therefore they created 3 separate branches of government and each had different areas to oversee and control
– Executive Branch – made up of the President and his officials who oversee the implementation of new laws and day to day business
– Legislative Branch – made up of elected representatives who create new laws
– Judicial Branch – made up of Judges who make sure the new laws are fair, just, and applied equally to all citizens
• The founding fathers felt that by keeping these powers separate, it would keep one person from having too much or total control of the country.
Checks and Balances
• This concept directly ties in with the Separation of Powers.
• Each of the 3 Branches created can override or cancel out something the other branch does if it feels that it is unjust or unfair. The founding fathers set in place certain steps to be taken to again ensure that no one branch became too powerful.
• The best way to explain is by example:
• Congress (legislative branch) passes a bill (an idea for a law) and sends it to the President (executive branch) to sign and make into law. The President does not agree with the bill and refuses to sign it (This is called a Veto.). Congress gets it back and gets enough votes on it to override the veto. Congress passes it into law without the Presidents signature. (Very hard to do this) It becomes a law and goes out to the people. Someone breaks this law and questions the Constitutionality of the law and it goes to court. The Supreme Court hears the case and decides the person is right. The Law is Unconstitutional and declares the Law illegal.
• In this manner each branch can oversee or check and balance the power of the other branches
c. Describe the rights and responsibilities of citizens.
Citizen Rights and Responsibilities
• Rights are those things guaranteed to you by the Constitution
– Freedom of Speech , Religion, Gun Ownership,
– In this context, Vote, Non Discrimination
• Responsibilities are those things that you should do as a citizen
– Many people have the right to vote but do not participate. As a citizen, you have a responsibility to participate. No one can force you.
– You can run for office,
– vote people out of office,
– Protest unjust or unfair laws
– try to make the government better
– Defend your country
– Uphold the law of the country
d. Explain voting requirements and elections in Georgia
Voting Requirements and Elections
• Voting Requirements
• In order to vote in Ga You must be
– 18 years of age or older
• a Legal citizen of the United States
– A Legal resident of the State and County in which you are voting
• Elections
– Take place according to Ga Election Codes
– General Elections are held in November of every even numbered year. This is when major federal officials and state officials are chosen.
– Other elections are held as needed to select other public officials
e. Explain the role of political parties in government
Political Parties
• There are two main political parties in Ga –Democrats and Republicans
• These two parties represent opposing views in how the state should be run.
• Their purpose is to offer counterpoints and ides of how to spend money, raise money, and care for the people of the State.
• They support candidates for office and run campaigns for the office.
• Each party has it own platform or fundamental beliefs upon which they stand.
Ga Constitution
• Broken into 11 Articles (Parts)
• Article 1 – Bill of Rights
• Article 2 – Voting and Election Procedures
• Article 3 – Legislative Branch
• Article 4 – Constitutional Boards and Commissions
• Article 5 – Executive Branch
• Article 6 – Judicial Branch
• Article 7 – Taxation and Finance
• Article 8 – Education
• Article 9 – Counties and Municipal Corporations
• Article 10 – Amendments to the Constitution
• Article 11 – Miscellaneous Provisions
b. Explain the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances.
Separation of Powers
• In establishing our country and creating a government, many people remembered the absolute control that a ruler could have over the land. The founding fathers did not want a dictator who could rule without question or consequences for their actions
• Therefore they created 3 separate branches of government and each had different areas to oversee and control
– Executive Branch – made up of the President and his officials who oversee the implementation of new laws and day to day business
– Legislative Branch – made up of elected representatives who create new laws
– Judicial Branch – made up of Judges who make sure the new laws are fair, just, and applied equally to all citizens
• The founding fathers felt that by keeping these powers separate, it would keep one person from having too much or total control of the country.
Checks and Balances
• This concept directly ties in with the Separation of Powers.
• Each of the 3 Branches created can override or cancel out something the other branch does if it feels that it is unjust or unfair. The founding fathers set in place certain steps to be taken to again ensure that no one branch became too powerful.
• The best way to explain is by example:
• Congress (legislative branch) passes a bill (an idea for a law) and sends it to the President (executive branch) to sign and make into law. The President does not agree with the bill and refuses to sign it (This is called a Veto.). Congress gets it back and gets enough votes on it to override the veto. Congress passes it into law without the Presidents signature. (Very hard to do this) It becomes a law and goes out to the people. Someone breaks this law and questions the Constitutionality of the law and it goes to court. The Supreme Court hears the case and decides the person is right. The Law is Unconstitutional and declares the Law illegal.
• In this manner each branch can oversee or check and balance the power of the other branches
c. Describe the rights and responsibilities of citizens.
Citizen Rights and Responsibilities
• Rights are those things guaranteed to you by the Constitution
– Freedom of Speech , Religion, Gun Ownership,
– In this context, Vote, Non Discrimination
• Responsibilities are those things that you should do as a citizen
– Many people have the right to vote but do not participate. As a citizen, you have a responsibility to participate. No one can force you.
– You can run for office,
– vote people out of office,
– Protest unjust or unfair laws
– try to make the government better
– Defend your country
– Uphold the law of the country
d. Explain voting requirements and elections in Georgia
Voting Requirements and Elections
• Voting Requirements
• In order to vote in Ga You must be
– 18 years of age or older
• a Legal citizen of the United States
– A Legal resident of the State and County in which you are voting
• Elections
– Take place according to Ga Election Codes
– General Elections are held in November of every even numbered year. This is when major federal officials and state officials are chosen.
– Other elections are held as needed to select other public officials
e. Explain the role of political parties in government
Political Parties
• There are two main political parties in Ga –Democrats and Republicans
• These two parties represent opposing views in how the state should be run.
• Their purpose is to offer counterpoints and ides of how to spend money, raise money, and care for the people of the State.
• They support candidates for office and run campaigns for the office.
• Each party has it own platform or fundamental beliefs upon which they stand.
Thursday, December 4, 2008
1st Semester Practice Exam
1st Semester Practice Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which city is not located on Georgia’s Fall Line?
a.Columbus
b.Macon
c.Augusta
d.Athens
____ 2. Which geographic feature is not located in Georgia’s physiographic system?
a.
Rocky Mountains
b.
Blue Ridge Mountains
c.
Appalachian Mountains
d.
Piedmont Plateau
____ 3. Which is not a typical consequence of droughts in Georgia?
a.
Fire warnings
b.
Water conservation measures
c.
Shrubs flourish or thrive
d.
Lawns turn brown
____ 4. Which is not an advantage of Georgia’s mild climate?
a.
Long growing season for agriculture
b.
Four separate, distinct seasons of the year
c.
Low costs for heat and air conditioning
d.
Minimum weather-related absences from work or school
____ 5. Which statement describes a way that the barrier islands protect the mainland?
a.
They channel ocean saltwater away from inland rivers, creeks, and streams.
b.
They block storms, such as hurricanes and nor’easters, from reaching the mainland.
c.
They block much of the wind, sands, and water that could cause erosion on the mainland.
d.
They lower tides so that Georgia does not experience damage from high tides.
____ 6. Which climate characteristic would not attract new businesses or industries to the state?
a.
Georgia’s mild climate makes fuel costs economical for businesses or industries.
b.
Georgia’s mild climate makes weather-related absences from work a rare occurrence.
c.
Georgia’s moderate climate allows transportation routes to be open almost all of the time.
d.
Georgia’s moderate climate provides many different seasonal employment opportunities.
____ 7. The largest geographical region is the
a.
Ridge and Valley region.
b.
Coastal Plain region.
c.
Appalachian Plateau region.
d.
Piedmont Plateau region.
____ 8. Which statement best describes the geographical regions of Georgia?
a.
Three of the regions have a combined land area smaller than that of the Piedmont Plateau.
b.
The geographical regions of Georgia contain good farmland.
c.
The Coastal Plain region is more than twice the size of the other four regions combined.
d.
The smallest region in land area is the Blue Ridge region.
____ 9. Those rivers that form part of Georgia’s borders with neighboring states are the
a.
Chattahoochee, Flint, and Altamaha rivers.
b.
Flint, Savannah, and Ogeechee rivers.
c.
Savannah, Chattahoochee, and St. Marys rivers.
d.
Oconee, St. Marys, and Flint rivers.
____ 10. Which is not a benefit of Georgia’s manmade lakes?
a.
They provide natural groundwater storage.
b.
They provide hydroelectric power.
c.
They provide excellent recreation facilities.
d.
They supply cities with water.
____ 11. Based on what you learned about the different regions, why would the Coastal Plain use more water for irrigation than the Ridge and Valley region?
a.
The Coastal Plain is a larger region than the Ridge and Valley region.
b.
The Coastal Plain is the state’s major agricultural region and grows more farm products.
c.
The Coastal Plain is nearer the ocean and loses more water to ocean run-off.
d.
The Ridge and Valley region does not lose much irrigation water to steep run-offs.
____ 12. Which river forms part of Georgia’s eastern border?
a.
The Coosa River
b.
The Savannah River
c.
The Altamaha River
d.
The Etowah River
____ 13. Which river forms a border between Georgia and Florida?
a.
The Coosa River
b.
The Altamaha River
c.
The Savannah River
d.
The St. Marys River
____ 14. Which was not a part of the prehistoric Indian culture in Georgia?
a.
Mississippian
b.
Woodland
c.
Paleo
d.
Creek
____ 15. Which factor resulted in prehistoric Indians settling in groups in a permanent area?
a.
Large game was abundant.
b.
The Indians began to cultivate plants as foods.
c.
Prehistoric Indians followed herds of large animals.
d.
Prehistoric Indians wanted to band together for protection.
____ 16. Which statement explains why archaeologists consider prehistoric Indians to have believed in some form of life after death?
a.
The legends of an afterlife were passed down from generation to generation until today.
b.
Burial mounds for the dead contained items such as tools, tobacco pipes, and weapons.
c.
Their pictographs and cave drawings depicted a spiritual world after the living world.
d.
Their tribal centers had churches for worship.
____ 17. Which statement best explains the information on the map?
a.
The east coast of the United States has not changed in 20,000 years.
b.
There is less land in the world today than 20,000 years ago.
c.
Florida was a peninsula 20,000 years ago.
d.
The British Isles were islands 20,000 years ago.
____ 18. According to the map, which section of Georgia has no mounds?
a.
Northwest
b.
Southwest
c.
Northeast
d.
Southeast
____ 19. What does the information on the map tell you about the moundbuilders?
a.
The moundbuilders lived throughout Georgia.
b.
The moundbuilders mostly settled along the coast.
c.
The moundbuilders built cone-shaped mounds.
d.
The moundbuilders believed in an afterlife.
____ 20. Which country was not a major colonizer of the New World?
a.
France
b.
Spain
c.
England
d.
Italy
____ 21. Which group of people could become colonists in Georgia according to its charter?
a.
Liquor dealers
b.
Methodists
c.
Blacks
d.
Lawyers
____ 22. Which was not a likely cause of disease and fatalities in Georgia’s initial year?
a.
Lack of fresh vegetables
b.
Indian epidemics
c.
Changes in climate
d.
Hard physical labor
____ 23. Which was not a major source of discontent with Georgia’s early colonists?
a.
A ban on slavery
b.
A ban on Catholicism
c.
Restrictions on rum and alcohol
d.
Restrictions on land inheritances
____ 24. Which was not a primary motive for European explorations in the New World?
a.
Discovery of new trade routes, gold, and riches
b.
Learning new agricultural methods and techniques
c.
Gaining world power and position as a nation
d.
Bringing Christianity to the New World natives and escaping religious persecution
____ 25. Which definition best explains the British policy known as “mercantilism?”
a.
A trade policy whereby a nation imports less than it exports
b.
A military policy for defending colonial outposts
c.
A trade policy that calls for opening trade routes to the Far East
d.
A military policy that calls for establishing buffer colonies to protect established British settlements
____ 26. Which definition best describes a royal colony during the colonial period?
a.
A colony that was governed by a set of trustees
b.
A colony that was governed by charter owners
c.
A colony that was governed by the king of England
d.
A colony that was governed by its citizens
____ 27. Which statement best describes Georgia’s first government as a royal colony?
a.
The government consisted of a unicameral legislature representing Georgia’s eight counties.
b.
The government had a bicameral legislature representing Georgia’s eight parishes.
c.
The government included a House of Commons and a House of Assembly, patterned after the government of Great Britain, representing all of the state.
d.
The government was made up of an Advisory Council appointed by the king of England.
____ 28. Which statement best describes how the French and Indian War led to America’s Revolutionary War?
a.
England gained control of Canada and tried to use Canada’s tax structure on the thirteen colonies.
b.
France lost the Louisiana Territory and the Southern Colonies argued with Great Britain over claims to the newly acquired land.
c.
France, which was bitter over losing the war to Great Britain, incited rebellion in the colonies and enticed Spain to move into the territories of the British colonists.
d.
Great Britain was heavily in debt after the war and tried to recover monies by taxing colonies based on the idea that the war had been necessary to protect the colonies from the French.
____ 29. Which statement best describes the effect of the French and Indian War on Georgia’s growth and development?
a.
Georgia gained new lands, new water access for shipping, ample farmland, and rich forests for timber and naval stores.
b.
Georgia gained many new settlers who were living in the lands that were added to Georgia’s colonial boundaries.
c.
Georgia took possession of several key French forts, which added to the defenses of Georgia against the Spanish.
d.
Once the French and the Indian tribes were defeated and no longer a threat to Georgia, the colony prospered in a stable and peaceful environment.
____ 30. Which statement best explains why anti-British sentiment was less in Georgia than in the other colonies during the Revolutionary period?
a.
Georgia had more British settlers than the other colonies who were more loyal to Great Britain.
b.
Georgia was far younger as a colony than the other colonies, and it still needed much support from Great Britain.
c.
Georgia was not as successful as the other colonies, and it could not afford to raise funds to fight the British.
d.
Georgia had a much smaller population than the other colonies, and it did not have enough men for an army to fight the British.
____ 31. Which statement best describes a weakness of Georgia’s first state constitution?
a.
Georgia’s first constitution outlined a government based on the separation of powers among different branches.
b.
Georgia’s first constitution established a unicameral legislature with strong powers, including the power to appoint the governor and control his actions.
c.
Georgia’s first constitution did away with the existing parishes and established eight counties.
d.
Georgia’s first constitution established a one-year term of office for the governor.
____ 32. What was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
a.
The federal government represented all thirteen states.
b.
The Articles of Confederation could be revised.
c.
The Articles of Confederation was not ratified by all the states.
d.
The federal government had little power.
____ 33. Which statement best describes a “land grant university,” like the University of Georgia?
a.
The land for the college was donated by the federal government.
b.
The college was established as an agricultural college to improving farming.
c.
The college was a public university.
d.
The land could never be used for any purpose other than a college.
____ 34. In 1830 what requirement did the Georgia legislature set on whites who lived on Cherokee lands?
a.
They could not keep the gold that was found on those lands.
b.
They had to take an oath of allegiance to the governor of the state.
c.
They could not file legal claims to land ownership.
d.
They had to give up state and federal citizenship.
____ 35. According to the map, which city benefitted the most from the early railroads in Georgia?
a.
Savannah
b.
Macon
c.
Augusta
d.
Atlanta
____ 36. From information on the map, why was Atlanta at one time called Terminus?
a.
Because all the railroads ended there
b.
Because a majority of the railroads went through the city
c.
Because no major railroad went through the city
d.
Because it was the end of the longest railroad line
____ 37. Which definition best explains the “Missouri Compromise”?
a.
It allowed slavery in Maine but did not allow slavery in Missouri.
b.
It required that slaves captured in free states be returned to slave states.
c.
It maintained a balance of power between slave and free states.
d.
It said that Missouri could have slavery.
____ 38. Which statement does not explain how the Dred Scott decision pushed the nation closer to war?
a.
The Supreme Court ruled against abolitionists saying slaves were not citizens.
b.
The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not stop slavery in territories.
c.
The Supreme Court upheld the legal rights of the southern states and their institution of slavery.
d.
The Supreme Court ruled that slave owners had to be reimbursed for slaves who escaped on the underground railroad.
____ 39. Which was an organized escape plan for southern slaves fleeing their owners?
a.
The slave revolt
b.
The slave code
c.
The underground railroad
d.
The Fugitive Slave Law
____ 40. Which result of the Compromise of 1850 did not benefit the North?
a.
California joined the Union as a free state.
b.
Slave trading was ended in the District of Columbia.
c.
Texas did not annex New Mexico as a slave territory.
d.
Congress passed a law allowing fugitive slaves to be returned to their owners.
____ 41. Which statement does not describe a major difference between the North and South during the antebellum period?
a.
The South was agricultural while the North was industrial.
b.
The South allowed slavery while the North did not.
c.
The North favored high tariffs on imported goods while the South did not.
d.
Both the North and the South believed their interests were best for whole nation.
____ 42. Which statement does not describe an advantage of the Union forces during the Civil War?
a.
The North had a “standing,” or established, army and navy.
b.
The North had heavy railroad tracks and more miles of track.
c.
The North had many more factories that could produce war materials.
d.
The North had home-field advantage because most battles were fought in their states.
____ 43. Which Union tactic caused the most damage to the South’s economy during the Civil War?
a.
Gaining control of the ports on the Mississippi River
b.
Dividing southern forces in half and isolating the Deep South
c.
Establishing blockades of southern seaports
d.
Destroying Atlanta and much of Georgia on Sherman’s “March to the Sea”
____ 44. What was the purpose of the blockade shown in the map?
a.
To cut off southern trade
b.
To keep the Confederate navy in port
c.
To frighten the Confederate civilians
d.
To keep slaves from escaping
____ 45. Which statement best describes the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau during Reconstruction?
a.
To help the newly freed slaves adjust to their freedom
b.
To register newly freed slaves to vote
c.
To manage the distribution of farm land and animals to newly freed slaves
d.
To provide education, training, and social services for newly freed slaves
____ 46. Which statement best describes the difference between sharecropping and tenant farming?
a.
Sharecroppers owned nothing but their labor, while tenant farmers owned farm animals and equipment to use in working other people’s lands.
b.
Sharecroppers received a percentage of the crops produced and could set aside cash money to purchase their own land, while tenant farmers had difficulty saving cash.
c.
Tenant farmers received a cash salary or wage for their farm work, while sharecroppers received only a portion of the crops they raised.
d.
Tenant farmers earned equity or an interest in the land they worked from year to year so that eventually they would own their own property.
____ 47. Which statement best describes the reason behind the move of Georgia’s capital to Atlanta from Milledgeville?
a.
Most of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1867 were carpetbaggers and scalawags.
b.
The state was under a military governorship in 1867, and the military headquarters was in Atlanta.
c.
Many of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1867 were blacks who were denied lodging in Milledgeville hotels.
d.
The Republicans were in power in the city of Atlanta, and the Democrats were in power in Milledgeville.
____ 48. Which statement best explains why northern businessmen invested money to build Georgia’s textile industry after the Civil War?
a.
Georgia had plenty of cotton, abundant land and water, and inexpensive labor to supply and operate textile mills.
b.
Georgia had plenty of railroads and major seaports for transporting cotton and textile products when the Civil War ended.
c.
Georgia was one of the few southern states to retain capital (cash money and investments) after the Civil War.
d.
Georgia was one of the few southern states to avoid violence and terrorism after the war ended.
____ 49. Which statement best explains why the term “Bourbon Triumvirate” was most appropriate for Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon?
a.
All three Georgia leaders shared a strong belief in white supremacy or white superiority.
b.
The three men were political rulers drawn together in a close relationship by power and political goals.
c.
The three men were known for excessive business practices and high personal profit motives.
d.
The three Georgia leaders ruled the state consecutively for a period of over thirty years.
____ 50. Because of her reform activities, which group would not have supported Rebecca Latimer Felton?
a.
Supporters of the temperance movement to forbid the manufacture, sale, and use of alcohol
b.
Supporters of educational opportunities for all citizens of the state
c.
Supporters of the suffrage movement to gain voting rights for women
d.
Supporters of the convict lease system to use leased labor for public works projects
____ 51. Which description most clearly reflects the meaning of the phrase New South?
a.
The South showed a new economic growth and prosperity after the Reconstruction and Redemption periods.
b.
The South began to change in the areas of business, industrialization, agriculture, race relations, and social change.
c.
The South reflected new ways of thinking and made huge strides in social, cultural, economic, and political areas.
d.
The agricultural South was gone, and the state needed to develop new industries to compete with the North.
____ 52. Which statement best explains the growth of Georgia’s textile industry during the late 1800s?
a.
Georgia had abundant supplies of the two essential raw materials for textiles -- cotton and wool.
b.
Georgia had abundant water resources to provide power for textile mills.
c.
Georgia had a strong educational system, which trained workers with special skills and expertise in textiles.
d.
Georgia’s water resources, network of railroad lines, supply of cotton, and coastal seaports made textiles profitable.
____ 53. In 1915, Georgia’s juvenile court system
a.
defined juveniles as youths under the age of 18.
b.
tried and punished juveniles in a manner different from that used for adults.
c.
imprisoned juveniles with other youths or with old or sick inmates.
d.
gave juveniles who were convicted of a crime the same rights as adult criminals.
____ 54. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote?
a.
Fifteenth Amendment
b.
Twentieth Amendment
c.
Eighteenth Amendment
d.
Nineteenth Amendment
____ 55. Which statement was not true of Georgia’s county unit system?
a.
By uniting, the state’s smaller counties could decide state elections.
b.
By uniting, the state’s 8 largest counties could decide state elections.
c.
The 121 smallest counties had two unit votes each.
d.
The 8 largest counties had 6 unit votes each.
____ 56. Booker T. Washington did not believe that
a.
vocational education was essential for African Americans who sought equality.
b.
economic equality was much more important than social equality for African Americans.
c.
political and social equality for African Americans would come from economic independence.
d.
truth and knowledge would cause different races to understand and accept each other.
____ 57. Which organization was not established to bring about racial equality in the United States?
a.
National Urban League
b.
Ku Klux Klan
c.
NAACP
d.
Niagara Movement
____ 58. What countries were allies (on the same side) in World War I?
a.
Great Britain, France, United States, Russia
b.
Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary
c.
United States, France, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain
d.
Germany, Japan, Russia
____ 59. The “final blow” that led President Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to declare war against the Central Powers led by Germany in World War I was
a.
the sinking of Lusitania.
b.
the Zimmermann telegram.
c.
anti-German propaganda in the U.S.
d.
attacks on American merchant ships.
____ 60. At which Georgia military installation was infantry trained in World War I?
a.
Camp Gordon
b.
Fort McPherson
c.
Camp Benning
d.
Camp Augusta
____ 61. Which is not associated with World War I?
a.
General John Pershing
b.
Victory gardens
c.
The American Red Cross
d.
The sinking of the Titanic
____ 62. In the 1920s, Georgia was not affected by
a.
a prolonged drought.
b.
boll weevils.
c.
the loss of thousands of working farms.
d.
a jump in cotton production and prices.
____ 63. Which statement does not describe a reason for the movement of black farmers to the North during the Great Migration?
a.
Health care for African Americans was better in the North than in the South.
b.
Southern public schools for African Americans were poor.
c.
The South restricted the voting rights of African Americans.
d.
Southern agricultural practices were better than northern agricultural methods.
____ 64. During the Roaring Twenties, females did not
a.
use lipstick and rouge.
b.
wear tight skirts and long petticoats.
c.
wear short, bobbed hair styles.
d.
party without a chaperone.
____ 65. Which was not common during the Great Depression?
a.
Public assistance housing
b.
Soup kitchens
c.
Bartering practices
d.
Migrations in search of work
____ 66. The New Deal programs were intended to
a.
improve national trade policies and taxes.
b.
reduce segregation.
c.
reform the government.
d.
relieve the suffering of the unemployed.
____ 67. What woman was a member of Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet?”
a.
Rebecca Latimer Felton
b.
Margaret Mitchell
c.
Mary McLeod Bethune
d.
Eleanor Roosevelt
____ 68. Which improvement in farming in Georgia is not due to the Rural Electrification Authority?
a.
Electric water pumps
b.
Electric milking machines
c.
Frozen food processing
d.
Electric lights
____ 69. Which dictator was the leader of Germany during World War II?
a.
Joseph Stalin
b.
Benito Mussolini
c.
Adolph Hitler
d.
Emperor Hirohito
____ 70. Before it officially entered World War II, the United States helped Great Britain by
a.
selling and leasing ships, arms, and supplies.
b.
sinking German submarines that attacked British ships.
c.
escorting British merchant ships in the Pacific.
d.
escorting British warships in Atlantic waters.
____ 71. During World War II, young people in Georgia support the armed forces by
a.
purchasing defense stamps and war bonds.
b.
making candles to send to England
c.
picking up newspapers.
d.
picking milkweed floss for use in making parachutes.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which city is not located on Georgia’s Fall Line?
a.Columbus
b.Macon
c.Augusta
d.Athens
____ 2. Which geographic feature is not located in Georgia’s physiographic system?
a.
Rocky Mountains
b.
Blue Ridge Mountains
c.
Appalachian Mountains
d.
Piedmont Plateau
____ 3. Which is not a typical consequence of droughts in Georgia?
a.
Fire warnings
b.
Water conservation measures
c.
Shrubs flourish or thrive
d.
Lawns turn brown
____ 4. Which is not an advantage of Georgia’s mild climate?
a.
Long growing season for agriculture
b.
Four separate, distinct seasons of the year
c.
Low costs for heat and air conditioning
d.
Minimum weather-related absences from work or school
____ 5. Which statement describes a way that the barrier islands protect the mainland?
a.
They channel ocean saltwater away from inland rivers, creeks, and streams.
b.
They block storms, such as hurricanes and nor’easters, from reaching the mainland.
c.
They block much of the wind, sands, and water that could cause erosion on the mainland.
d.
They lower tides so that Georgia does not experience damage from high tides.
____ 6. Which climate characteristic would not attract new businesses or industries to the state?
a.
Georgia’s mild climate makes fuel costs economical for businesses or industries.
b.
Georgia’s mild climate makes weather-related absences from work a rare occurrence.
c.
Georgia’s moderate climate allows transportation routes to be open almost all of the time.
d.
Georgia’s moderate climate provides many different seasonal employment opportunities.
____ 7. The largest geographical region is the
a.
Ridge and Valley region.
b.
Coastal Plain region.
c.
Appalachian Plateau region.
d.
Piedmont Plateau region.
____ 8. Which statement best describes the geographical regions of Georgia?
a.
Three of the regions have a combined land area smaller than that of the Piedmont Plateau.
b.
The geographical regions of Georgia contain good farmland.
c.
The Coastal Plain region is more than twice the size of the other four regions combined.
d.
The smallest region in land area is the Blue Ridge region.
____ 9. Those rivers that form part of Georgia’s borders with neighboring states are the
a.
Chattahoochee, Flint, and Altamaha rivers.
b.
Flint, Savannah, and Ogeechee rivers.
c.
Savannah, Chattahoochee, and St. Marys rivers.
d.
Oconee, St. Marys, and Flint rivers.
____ 10. Which is not a benefit of Georgia’s manmade lakes?
a.
They provide natural groundwater storage.
b.
They provide hydroelectric power.
c.
They provide excellent recreation facilities.
d.
They supply cities with water.
____ 11. Based on what you learned about the different regions, why would the Coastal Plain use more water for irrigation than the Ridge and Valley region?
a.
The Coastal Plain is a larger region than the Ridge and Valley region.
b.
The Coastal Plain is the state’s major agricultural region and grows more farm products.
c.
The Coastal Plain is nearer the ocean and loses more water to ocean run-off.
d.
The Ridge and Valley region does not lose much irrigation water to steep run-offs.
____ 12. Which river forms part of Georgia’s eastern border?
a.
The Coosa River
b.
The Savannah River
c.
The Altamaha River
d.
The Etowah River
____ 13. Which river forms a border between Georgia and Florida?
a.
The Coosa River
b.
The Altamaha River
c.
The Savannah River
d.
The St. Marys River
____ 14. Which was not a part of the prehistoric Indian culture in Georgia?
a.
Mississippian
b.
Woodland
c.
Paleo
d.
Creek
____ 15. Which factor resulted in prehistoric Indians settling in groups in a permanent area?
a.
Large game was abundant.
b.
The Indians began to cultivate plants as foods.
c.
Prehistoric Indians followed herds of large animals.
d.
Prehistoric Indians wanted to band together for protection.
____ 16. Which statement explains why archaeologists consider prehistoric Indians to have believed in some form of life after death?
a.
The legends of an afterlife were passed down from generation to generation until today.
b.
Burial mounds for the dead contained items such as tools, tobacco pipes, and weapons.
c.
Their pictographs and cave drawings depicted a spiritual world after the living world.
d.
Their tribal centers had churches for worship.
____ 17. Which statement best explains the information on the map?
a.
The east coast of the United States has not changed in 20,000 years.
b.
There is less land in the world today than 20,000 years ago.
c.
Florida was a peninsula 20,000 years ago.
d.
The British Isles were islands 20,000 years ago.
____ 18. According to the map, which section of Georgia has no mounds?
a.
Northwest
b.
Southwest
c.
Northeast
d.
Southeast
____ 19. What does the information on the map tell you about the moundbuilders?
a.
The moundbuilders lived throughout Georgia.
b.
The moundbuilders mostly settled along the coast.
c.
The moundbuilders built cone-shaped mounds.
d.
The moundbuilders believed in an afterlife.
____ 20. Which country was not a major colonizer of the New World?
a.
France
b.
Spain
c.
England
d.
Italy
____ 21. Which group of people could become colonists in Georgia according to its charter?
a.
Liquor dealers
b.
Methodists
c.
Blacks
d.
Lawyers
____ 22. Which was not a likely cause of disease and fatalities in Georgia’s initial year?
a.
Lack of fresh vegetables
b.
Indian epidemics
c.
Changes in climate
d.
Hard physical labor
____ 23. Which was not a major source of discontent with Georgia’s early colonists?
a.
A ban on slavery
b.
A ban on Catholicism
c.
Restrictions on rum and alcohol
d.
Restrictions on land inheritances
____ 24. Which was not a primary motive for European explorations in the New World?
a.
Discovery of new trade routes, gold, and riches
b.
Learning new agricultural methods and techniques
c.
Gaining world power and position as a nation
d.
Bringing Christianity to the New World natives and escaping religious persecution
____ 25. Which definition best explains the British policy known as “mercantilism?”
a.
A trade policy whereby a nation imports less than it exports
b.
A military policy for defending colonial outposts
c.
A trade policy that calls for opening trade routes to the Far East
d.
A military policy that calls for establishing buffer colonies to protect established British settlements
____ 26. Which definition best describes a royal colony during the colonial period?
a.
A colony that was governed by a set of trustees
b.
A colony that was governed by charter owners
c.
A colony that was governed by the king of England
d.
A colony that was governed by its citizens
____ 27. Which statement best describes Georgia’s first government as a royal colony?
a.
The government consisted of a unicameral legislature representing Georgia’s eight counties.
b.
The government had a bicameral legislature representing Georgia’s eight parishes.
c.
The government included a House of Commons and a House of Assembly, patterned after the government of Great Britain, representing all of the state.
d.
The government was made up of an Advisory Council appointed by the king of England.
____ 28. Which statement best describes how the French and Indian War led to America’s Revolutionary War?
a.
England gained control of Canada and tried to use Canada’s tax structure on the thirteen colonies.
b.
France lost the Louisiana Territory and the Southern Colonies argued with Great Britain over claims to the newly acquired land.
c.
France, which was bitter over losing the war to Great Britain, incited rebellion in the colonies and enticed Spain to move into the territories of the British colonists.
d.
Great Britain was heavily in debt after the war and tried to recover monies by taxing colonies based on the idea that the war had been necessary to protect the colonies from the French.
____ 29. Which statement best describes the effect of the French and Indian War on Georgia’s growth and development?
a.
Georgia gained new lands, new water access for shipping, ample farmland, and rich forests for timber and naval stores.
b.
Georgia gained many new settlers who were living in the lands that were added to Georgia’s colonial boundaries.
c.
Georgia took possession of several key French forts, which added to the defenses of Georgia against the Spanish.
d.
Once the French and the Indian tribes were defeated and no longer a threat to Georgia, the colony prospered in a stable and peaceful environment.
____ 30. Which statement best explains why anti-British sentiment was less in Georgia than in the other colonies during the Revolutionary period?
a.
Georgia had more British settlers than the other colonies who were more loyal to Great Britain.
b.
Georgia was far younger as a colony than the other colonies, and it still needed much support from Great Britain.
c.
Georgia was not as successful as the other colonies, and it could not afford to raise funds to fight the British.
d.
Georgia had a much smaller population than the other colonies, and it did not have enough men for an army to fight the British.
____ 31. Which statement best describes a weakness of Georgia’s first state constitution?
a.
Georgia’s first constitution outlined a government based on the separation of powers among different branches.
b.
Georgia’s first constitution established a unicameral legislature with strong powers, including the power to appoint the governor and control his actions.
c.
Georgia’s first constitution did away with the existing parishes and established eight counties.
d.
Georgia’s first constitution established a one-year term of office for the governor.
____ 32. What was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
a.
The federal government represented all thirteen states.
b.
The Articles of Confederation could be revised.
c.
The Articles of Confederation was not ratified by all the states.
d.
The federal government had little power.
____ 33. Which statement best describes a “land grant university,” like the University of Georgia?
a.
The land for the college was donated by the federal government.
b.
The college was established as an agricultural college to improving farming.
c.
The college was a public university.
d.
The land could never be used for any purpose other than a college.
____ 34. In 1830 what requirement did the Georgia legislature set on whites who lived on Cherokee lands?
a.
They could not keep the gold that was found on those lands.
b.
They had to take an oath of allegiance to the governor of the state.
c.
They could not file legal claims to land ownership.
d.
They had to give up state and federal citizenship.
____ 35. According to the map, which city benefitted the most from the early railroads in Georgia?
a.
Savannah
b.
Macon
c.
Augusta
d.
Atlanta
____ 36. From information on the map, why was Atlanta at one time called Terminus?
a.
Because all the railroads ended there
b.
Because a majority of the railroads went through the city
c.
Because no major railroad went through the city
d.
Because it was the end of the longest railroad line
____ 37. Which definition best explains the “Missouri Compromise”?
a.
It allowed slavery in Maine but did not allow slavery in Missouri.
b.
It required that slaves captured in free states be returned to slave states.
c.
It maintained a balance of power between slave and free states.
d.
It said that Missouri could have slavery.
____ 38. Which statement does not explain how the Dred Scott decision pushed the nation closer to war?
a.
The Supreme Court ruled against abolitionists saying slaves were not citizens.
b.
The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not stop slavery in territories.
c.
The Supreme Court upheld the legal rights of the southern states and their institution of slavery.
d.
The Supreme Court ruled that slave owners had to be reimbursed for slaves who escaped on the underground railroad.
____ 39. Which was an organized escape plan for southern slaves fleeing their owners?
a.
The slave revolt
b.
The slave code
c.
The underground railroad
d.
The Fugitive Slave Law
____ 40. Which result of the Compromise of 1850 did not benefit the North?
a.
California joined the Union as a free state.
b.
Slave trading was ended in the District of Columbia.
c.
Texas did not annex New Mexico as a slave territory.
d.
Congress passed a law allowing fugitive slaves to be returned to their owners.
____ 41. Which statement does not describe a major difference between the North and South during the antebellum period?
a.
The South was agricultural while the North was industrial.
b.
The South allowed slavery while the North did not.
c.
The North favored high tariffs on imported goods while the South did not.
d.
Both the North and the South believed their interests were best for whole nation.
____ 42. Which statement does not describe an advantage of the Union forces during the Civil War?
a.
The North had a “standing,” or established, army and navy.
b.
The North had heavy railroad tracks and more miles of track.
c.
The North had many more factories that could produce war materials.
d.
The North had home-field advantage because most battles were fought in their states.
____ 43. Which Union tactic caused the most damage to the South’s economy during the Civil War?
a.
Gaining control of the ports on the Mississippi River
b.
Dividing southern forces in half and isolating the Deep South
c.
Establishing blockades of southern seaports
d.
Destroying Atlanta and much of Georgia on Sherman’s “March to the Sea”
____ 44. What was the purpose of the blockade shown in the map?
a.
To cut off southern trade
b.
To keep the Confederate navy in port
c.
To frighten the Confederate civilians
d.
To keep slaves from escaping
____ 45. Which statement best describes the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau during Reconstruction?
a.
To help the newly freed slaves adjust to their freedom
b.
To register newly freed slaves to vote
c.
To manage the distribution of farm land and animals to newly freed slaves
d.
To provide education, training, and social services for newly freed slaves
____ 46. Which statement best describes the difference between sharecropping and tenant farming?
a.
Sharecroppers owned nothing but their labor, while tenant farmers owned farm animals and equipment to use in working other people’s lands.
b.
Sharecroppers received a percentage of the crops produced and could set aside cash money to purchase their own land, while tenant farmers had difficulty saving cash.
c.
Tenant farmers received a cash salary or wage for their farm work, while sharecroppers received only a portion of the crops they raised.
d.
Tenant farmers earned equity or an interest in the land they worked from year to year so that eventually they would own their own property.
____ 47. Which statement best describes the reason behind the move of Georgia’s capital to Atlanta from Milledgeville?
a.
Most of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1867 were carpetbaggers and scalawags.
b.
The state was under a military governorship in 1867, and the military headquarters was in Atlanta.
c.
Many of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1867 were blacks who were denied lodging in Milledgeville hotels.
d.
The Republicans were in power in the city of Atlanta, and the Democrats were in power in Milledgeville.
____ 48. Which statement best explains why northern businessmen invested money to build Georgia’s textile industry after the Civil War?
a.
Georgia had plenty of cotton, abundant land and water, and inexpensive labor to supply and operate textile mills.
b.
Georgia had plenty of railroads and major seaports for transporting cotton and textile products when the Civil War ended.
c.
Georgia was one of the few southern states to retain capital (cash money and investments) after the Civil War.
d.
Georgia was one of the few southern states to avoid violence and terrorism after the war ended.
____ 49. Which statement best explains why the term “Bourbon Triumvirate” was most appropriate for Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon?
a.
All three Georgia leaders shared a strong belief in white supremacy or white superiority.
b.
The three men were political rulers drawn together in a close relationship by power and political goals.
c.
The three men were known for excessive business practices and high personal profit motives.
d.
The three Georgia leaders ruled the state consecutively for a period of over thirty years.
____ 50. Because of her reform activities, which group would not have supported Rebecca Latimer Felton?
a.
Supporters of the temperance movement to forbid the manufacture, sale, and use of alcohol
b.
Supporters of educational opportunities for all citizens of the state
c.
Supporters of the suffrage movement to gain voting rights for women
d.
Supporters of the convict lease system to use leased labor for public works projects
____ 51. Which description most clearly reflects the meaning of the phrase New South?
a.
The South showed a new economic growth and prosperity after the Reconstruction and Redemption periods.
b.
The South began to change in the areas of business, industrialization, agriculture, race relations, and social change.
c.
The South reflected new ways of thinking and made huge strides in social, cultural, economic, and political areas.
d.
The agricultural South was gone, and the state needed to develop new industries to compete with the North.
____ 52. Which statement best explains the growth of Georgia’s textile industry during the late 1800s?
a.
Georgia had abundant supplies of the two essential raw materials for textiles -- cotton and wool.
b.
Georgia had abundant water resources to provide power for textile mills.
c.
Georgia had a strong educational system, which trained workers with special skills and expertise in textiles.
d.
Georgia’s water resources, network of railroad lines, supply of cotton, and coastal seaports made textiles profitable.
____ 53. In 1915, Georgia’s juvenile court system
a.
defined juveniles as youths under the age of 18.
b.
tried and punished juveniles in a manner different from that used for adults.
c.
imprisoned juveniles with other youths or with old or sick inmates.
d.
gave juveniles who were convicted of a crime the same rights as adult criminals.
____ 54. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote?
a.
Fifteenth Amendment
b.
Twentieth Amendment
c.
Eighteenth Amendment
d.
Nineteenth Amendment
____ 55. Which statement was not true of Georgia’s county unit system?
a.
By uniting, the state’s smaller counties could decide state elections.
b.
By uniting, the state’s 8 largest counties could decide state elections.
c.
The 121 smallest counties had two unit votes each.
d.
The 8 largest counties had 6 unit votes each.
____ 56. Booker T. Washington did not believe that
a.
vocational education was essential for African Americans who sought equality.
b.
economic equality was much more important than social equality for African Americans.
c.
political and social equality for African Americans would come from economic independence.
d.
truth and knowledge would cause different races to understand and accept each other.
____ 57. Which organization was not established to bring about racial equality in the United States?
a.
National Urban League
b.
Ku Klux Klan
c.
NAACP
d.
Niagara Movement
____ 58. What countries were allies (on the same side) in World War I?
a.
Great Britain, France, United States, Russia
b.
Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary
c.
United States, France, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain
d.
Germany, Japan, Russia
____ 59. The “final blow” that led President Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to declare war against the Central Powers led by Germany in World War I was
a.
the sinking of Lusitania.
b.
the Zimmermann telegram.
c.
anti-German propaganda in the U.S.
d.
attacks on American merchant ships.
____ 60. At which Georgia military installation was infantry trained in World War I?
a.
Camp Gordon
b.
Fort McPherson
c.
Camp Benning
d.
Camp Augusta
____ 61. Which is not associated with World War I?
a.
General John Pershing
b.
Victory gardens
c.
The American Red Cross
d.
The sinking of the Titanic
____ 62. In the 1920s, Georgia was not affected by
a.
a prolonged drought.
b.
boll weevils.
c.
the loss of thousands of working farms.
d.
a jump in cotton production and prices.
____ 63. Which statement does not describe a reason for the movement of black farmers to the North during the Great Migration?
a.
Health care for African Americans was better in the North than in the South.
b.
Southern public schools for African Americans were poor.
c.
The South restricted the voting rights of African Americans.
d.
Southern agricultural practices were better than northern agricultural methods.
____ 64. During the Roaring Twenties, females did not
a.
use lipstick and rouge.
b.
wear tight skirts and long petticoats.
c.
wear short, bobbed hair styles.
d.
party without a chaperone.
____ 65. Which was not common during the Great Depression?
a.
Public assistance housing
b.
Soup kitchens
c.
Bartering practices
d.
Migrations in search of work
____ 66. The New Deal programs were intended to
a.
improve national trade policies and taxes.
b.
reduce segregation.
c.
reform the government.
d.
relieve the suffering of the unemployed.
____ 67. What woman was a member of Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet?”
a.
Rebecca Latimer Felton
b.
Margaret Mitchell
c.
Mary McLeod Bethune
d.
Eleanor Roosevelt
____ 68. Which improvement in farming in Georgia is not due to the Rural Electrification Authority?
a.
Electric water pumps
b.
Electric milking machines
c.
Frozen food processing
d.
Electric lights
____ 69. Which dictator was the leader of Germany during World War II?
a.
Joseph Stalin
b.
Benito Mussolini
c.
Adolph Hitler
d.
Emperor Hirohito
____ 70. Before it officially entered World War II, the United States helped Great Britain by
a.
selling and leasing ships, arms, and supplies.
b.
sinking German submarines that attacked British ships.
c.
escorting British merchant ships in the Pacific.
d.
escorting British warships in Atlantic waters.
____ 71. During World War II, young people in Georgia support the armed forces by
a.
purchasing defense stamps and war bonds.
b.
making candles to send to England
c.
picking up newspapers.
d.
picking milkweed floss for use in making parachutes.
Tuesday, December 2, 2008
Standard 8H12
SS8H12 The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic,and political developments in Georgia since 1970.
a. Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and reapportionment.
County Unit System
-The county unit system was established in 1917 when the Georgia legislature, overwhelmingly dominated by the Democratic Party, passed the Neill Primary Act.
-This allowed rural counties to control Georgia elections by minimizing the impact of the growing urban centers, particularly Atlanta
-Each county was given a certain number of votes and the candidate who received the highest number of votes in that county won all their 'unit votes',
-in March 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that all citizens' votes should have equal weight and that the county unit system violated the principle of "one man, one vote."
-This system had been designed to keep black candidates from gaining a spot on the election ballot
-In 1964 the Federal Courts ruled that Ga must reapportion (Draw New Lines) its voting districts to ensure districts of EQUAL population sizes. (Ex. Black / White or City / Rural)
Reapportionment
-The End of the County Unit system and in the implementation of Reapportionment meant more equal representation for the voters of Ga.
-No longer could one group hold the advantage over another group and control the politics of Ga
-It changed campaign styles and election methods.
-Reapportionment now takes place every ten years to reflect shifts in population demographics
b. Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president.
Jimmy Carter
-Small time farmer from Plains, Ga.
-Graduated from the Naval Academy
-Became Gov of Ga in 1970
-Became President in 1976
-He created the Dept of Education
-Appointed many Blacks, Hispanics and Women to high level positions
-Best remembered for Camp David Arab Israeli Peace Talks
-Established trade with China
-Established the Carter Center which focuses on Civil rights around the world and enhance freedom and democracy
-Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002
c. Analyze the impact of the rise of the two-party system in Georgia.
Two Party System
Democrats mostly
-believe in The good of the group
-believe in Easy money policies
-Are identified with the Old South and people in Rural areas
Republicans mostly
-Believe in the strength of the individual
-Believe in hard money policies
-Are identified with the New South and people in business and urban areas
d. Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.
1996 Olympics
-Brought world wide attention to Ga
-Visitors from all over the globe
-Business interests sparked
-Bombing received attention
-Made Atlanta truly an International City
e. Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia
Immigrant Communities
-One of the fastest growing sectors of the population of GA
-Korean, Chinese, Asian Cultures Flooding Atlanta
-Growing Hispanic population
-New Foods business ideas
-New strains on the community such as education and public services such as roads, water/sewer systems
a. Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and reapportionment.
County Unit System
-The county unit system was established in 1917 when the Georgia legislature, overwhelmingly dominated by the Democratic Party, passed the Neill Primary Act.
-This allowed rural counties to control Georgia elections by minimizing the impact of the growing urban centers, particularly Atlanta
-Each county was given a certain number of votes and the candidate who received the highest number of votes in that county won all their 'unit votes',
-in March 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that all citizens' votes should have equal weight and that the county unit system violated the principle of "one man, one vote."
-This system had been designed to keep black candidates from gaining a spot on the election ballot
-In 1964 the Federal Courts ruled that Ga must reapportion (Draw New Lines) its voting districts to ensure districts of EQUAL population sizes. (Ex. Black / White or City / Rural)
Reapportionment
-The End of the County Unit system and in the implementation of Reapportionment meant more equal representation for the voters of Ga.
-No longer could one group hold the advantage over another group and control the politics of Ga
-It changed campaign styles and election methods.
-Reapportionment now takes place every ten years to reflect shifts in population demographics
b. Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president.
Jimmy Carter
-Small time farmer from Plains, Ga.
-Graduated from the Naval Academy
-Became Gov of Ga in 1970
-Became President in 1976
-He created the Dept of Education
-Appointed many Blacks, Hispanics and Women to high level positions
-Best remembered for Camp David Arab Israeli Peace Talks
-Established trade with China
-Established the Carter Center which focuses on Civil rights around the world and enhance freedom and democracy
-Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002
c. Analyze the impact of the rise of the two-party system in Georgia.
Two Party System
Democrats mostly
-believe in The good of the group
-believe in Easy money policies
-Are identified with the Old South and people in Rural areas
Republicans mostly
-Believe in the strength of the individual
-Believe in hard money policies
-Are identified with the New South and people in business and urban areas
d. Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.
1996 Olympics
-Brought world wide attention to Ga
-Visitors from all over the globe
-Business interests sparked
-Bombing received attention
-Made Atlanta truly an International City
e. Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia
Immigrant Communities
-One of the fastest growing sectors of the population of GA
-Korean, Chinese, Asian Cultures Flooding Atlanta
-Growing Hispanic population
-New Foods business ideas
-New strains on the community such as education and public services such as roads, water/sewer systems
Standard 8H11
SS8H11 The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rightsmovement.
a. Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the1940s and 1950s; include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board ofEducation, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag.
1940s-1950s
• During this period there was a lot of civil unrest. Blacks were tired of discrimination and many whites still believed in separation of the races. This separation led to protests and violence on both sides but with the most injustice being done to the black population.
• The country also experienced a “baby boom” due to all the servicemen returning from war.
• Many women chose to remain in the workplace rather than return home as before WWII.
• College and home ownership became a reality for many due to the passage of the G.I. Bill which helped returning servicemen get college $$ or low interest loans.
Herman Talmadge
• In a special election in 1948 and again in the regular election of 1950, Talmadge was elected Governor of Ga
• While in office he
– restructured the state highway department
– Created the Georgia Forestry Commission
– Improved the state conservation programs, prison systems, and county health programs
– Led the state in writing a new Constitution that changed school to grades 1-12.
– Helped to secure passage of the Minimum Foundation Program for Education Act which lengthened the school year to 9 months and raised standards for buildings, equipment, transportation, and curriculum
1946 Election for GA Gov.
• After Reconstruction, the Democratic party regained control of the South and began to run “White Primaries” These were party elections that chose candidates to run for office. They prohibited or made it extremely difficult for ANY black person to vote or obtain enough votes to run for office.
• After White primaries were outlawed, blacks were allowed to vote for the 1st time since reconstruction.
• In the 1946 elections for GA Gov, Ellis Arnall could not be re-elected since his term expired.Blacks helped gain the popular vote for Gov to James Carmichael who ran the Bell Aircraft Plant in Marietta during WWII. Arnall’s arch rival and segregationist Eugene Talmadge won the County Unit vote and won the primary to become the state’s democratic candidate. He was unopposed as there was no Republican Candidate.
1946 Election for GA Gov.
• Eugene Talmadge was 62 and in bad health so his buddies came up with a plan to keep control of Ga in case of his death.
• They got a bunch of their friends to “write in” Eugene’s son’s name, Herman Talmadge, in the blank for second choice for Gov.
• Eugene Talmadge won the election BUT DIED before taking office. Gov. Arnall declared that the Lieutenant Gov Melvin Thompson, should take over but the Ga legislature proclaimed Herman Talmadge Gov due to the # of write in votes that were conveniently “found” after Eugene’s death.
• Talmadge’s buddies secretly invaded the Capitol building and changed all the locks on the doors and when Arnall showed up the next morning, he could not get in.
• Finally, The GA Supreme Court ruled that the rightful Gov was Melvin Thompson, but agreed to hold a special election in 1948 to help resolve matters and in 1948 Herman Talmadge defeated Thompson.
Civil Rights
• The 1946 election just proved how committed some Georgians were to the idea of Segregation even though there was a growing movement for integration and equality.
• Brown v. Board of Education (1956)
– It overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that it was okay to have separate schools as long as all goods, services, transportation, and equipment were equal.
– It said that “ALL public school would desegregate with all deliberate speed.”
– While it ordered integration, it did not give “specific” timetables
– In Ga, there was strong resistance to integration and Gov Vandiver was re-elected partly on his promise to keep schools segregated.
• The Sibley Commission was founded to investigate the integration issue and found that many Georgians would rather close the schools than integrate
1956 flag
• In 1956, during the heated topic of integration, the Ga General Assembly voted to change the state flag from a vertical blue field on the left and two red horizontal stripes divided by one white stripe to a flag that incorporated the St. Andrews Cross which was the Confederate Battle Flag Emblem.
• Many believe the change was a protest to the Brown v. Board of Education Ruling on Segregation.
• Most Blacks found the change offensive and as a reminder of slavery.
• Some whites, such as the Daughters of the Confederacy, did not support the change either.
Martin Luther King Jr.
• 3rd Generation minister that grew up and lived in Atlanta
• In 1944, at 15 years old, he entered Morehouse University in Atlanta
• Ordained into the ministry in1947 at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta while he was attending seminary at Crozer theological Seminary in Pennsylvania.
• He believed in a Non-violent approach to social change based on the writings of Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Ghandi.
• He believed in a four prong approach to gain civil rights
– 1) direct, non-violent action
– 2)legal remedies
– 3) Ballots
– 4) Economic Boycotts
b. Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil RightsMovement of the 1960s and 1970s; include such events as the founding of theStudent Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Sibley Commission, admission of Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to the University of Georgia, Albany Movement, March on Washington, Civil Rights Act, theelection of Maynard Jackson as mayor of Atlanta, and the role of Lester Maddox
Civil Rights Movement 1960s-70s
• As the Civil Rights issue heated up, more support came from the North.
• MLK organized sit-ins, lie-ins, boycotts, and protests often with the help of people (black and white) bussed in from the North
• MLK founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) which worked for Civil Rights
• The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in 1960 to publicize and organize sit-in demonstrations.
• The “March on Washington” for Jobs and Freedom took place on 8-28-1963. It was led by MLK and attended by 250,000 people. It was one of the first nationally televised events and was where King made his “I have a dream…” speech.
• Civil Rights Act – A series of act signed by the President that guaranteed the same civil rights to all U.S. citizens such as voting and access to public facilities
Albany Movement
• In 1955,the Supreme Court prohibited segregation in interstate bus abs and train terminals.
• In 1961, in Albany, Ga., Not only were the terminals still segregated but so were the schools and other facilities even though the towns population was 40% black.
• The NAACP and the SNCC decided to test the Albany policy of segregation. They entered the “whites only” waiting room and were quickly arrested. In December, “Freedom Riders” (people who supported integration and equality) came come from all over the North and South to “sit-it” the bus terminal. They were also arrested bringing National attention to Albany, Ga. The Next day SNCC organized a march of Black students to the same train station where the freedom riders were arrested. These students were arrested and jailed while the Nation watched.
• Such attention forced Albany to form a biracial committee to review its policies
School Integration
• In 1960, recognizing the coming change in social attitude toward integration and the influence of the Federal Gov’t, the GA General Assembly formed the Sibley commission to investigate public opinion of school integration.
• The commission found that by a 3-2 margin, Georgians would rather shut down the school system rather than integrate.
• The Supreme Court and Federal Gov’t did not back down.
• On 1-6-1961n Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes became the first black students at the University of Ga. despite many protests from students and faculty. Backing and overseeing their admission was Gov. Vandiver (who one time opposed integration) and state patrol officers.
• Hunter graduated and became a successful newspaper and TV reporter before returning to UGA to give the Commencement address in 1988.
• Holmes became a successful orthopedic surgeon in Atlanta.
Atlanta and the Civil Rights Movement
• Atlanta was very resistant to change under the leadership of Talmadge and other governors but with Gov. Vandiver, even though he was a segregationist at first, integration was smoother in Ga than in other states.
• In large cities such as Los Angeles, Boston, Newark and Birmingham, there were huge race riots but in Atlanta things were smooth.
• Under the leadership of governors such as Hartsfield and Allen, Atlanta became and integrated city and was the role for the rest of Ga and other cities in the U.S. The Atlanta school system was the first LARGE school system to integrate. Gov Allen ordered all “Whites” and “Blacks” signs removed from the Courthouse. Movie theaters opened to Blacks and public restaurants began to accept Black patrons. City transportation allowed mixed traffic.
• In1969, Atlanta was praised by Time magazine as an “oasis of tolerance”
Lester Maddox
• Became Gov of Ga in 1967
• Surprised many people by appointing more blacks to state boards and commissions than all previous governors combined.
• Named the first black member to the Board of Pardons and Paroles
• Reformed state prisons
• Integrated the State Patrol
• Increased spending on teacher salaries and schools.
• Established a peoples day where twice a month people could visit the Gov mansion to discuss whatever they wish
Atlanta's Minority Leaders
• Atlanta began to show her diversity with the election of Sam Massell a Jewish mayor and the followed with the election of Maynard Jackson, Andrew Young, Bill Campbell, and Shirley Jackson, all Black Mayors.
• Maynard Jackson – sworn into office in 1974 becoming the youngest and first black mayor. He was known for giving neighborhood a voice in city politics, expanding the Airport, restructuring the fire and police dept. and helping to get the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.
• Andrew Young –Worked alongside of MLK for Civil Rights and became mayor of Atlanta after Jackson. He was instrumental in getting the Olympics and went on to serve as an Ambassador fromt eh U.S.
c. Discuss the impact of Andrew Young on Georgia
Andrew Young
• Worked alongside of MLK for Civil Rights and became mayor of Atlanta after Jackson. He was instrumental in getting the Olympics and went on to serve as an Ambassador from the U.S.
• He brought world wide focus to Ga helping to stimulate international business trade with industries in GA
a. Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the1940s and 1950s; include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board ofEducation, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag.
1940s-1950s
• During this period there was a lot of civil unrest. Blacks were tired of discrimination and many whites still believed in separation of the races. This separation led to protests and violence on both sides but with the most injustice being done to the black population.
• The country also experienced a “baby boom” due to all the servicemen returning from war.
• Many women chose to remain in the workplace rather than return home as before WWII.
• College and home ownership became a reality for many due to the passage of the G.I. Bill which helped returning servicemen get college $$ or low interest loans.
Herman Talmadge
• In a special election in 1948 and again in the regular election of 1950, Talmadge was elected Governor of Ga
• While in office he
– restructured the state highway department
– Created the Georgia Forestry Commission
– Improved the state conservation programs, prison systems, and county health programs
– Led the state in writing a new Constitution that changed school to grades 1-12.
– Helped to secure passage of the Minimum Foundation Program for Education Act which lengthened the school year to 9 months and raised standards for buildings, equipment, transportation, and curriculum
1946 Election for GA Gov.
• After Reconstruction, the Democratic party regained control of the South and began to run “White Primaries” These were party elections that chose candidates to run for office. They prohibited or made it extremely difficult for ANY black person to vote or obtain enough votes to run for office.
• After White primaries were outlawed, blacks were allowed to vote for the 1st time since reconstruction.
• In the 1946 elections for GA Gov, Ellis Arnall could not be re-elected since his term expired.Blacks helped gain the popular vote for Gov to James Carmichael who ran the Bell Aircraft Plant in Marietta during WWII. Arnall’s arch rival and segregationist Eugene Talmadge won the County Unit vote and won the primary to become the state’s democratic candidate. He was unopposed as there was no Republican Candidate.
1946 Election for GA Gov.
• Eugene Talmadge was 62 and in bad health so his buddies came up with a plan to keep control of Ga in case of his death.
• They got a bunch of their friends to “write in” Eugene’s son’s name, Herman Talmadge, in the blank for second choice for Gov.
• Eugene Talmadge won the election BUT DIED before taking office. Gov. Arnall declared that the Lieutenant Gov Melvin Thompson, should take over but the Ga legislature proclaimed Herman Talmadge Gov due to the # of write in votes that were conveniently “found” after Eugene’s death.
• Talmadge’s buddies secretly invaded the Capitol building and changed all the locks on the doors and when Arnall showed up the next morning, he could not get in.
• Finally, The GA Supreme Court ruled that the rightful Gov was Melvin Thompson, but agreed to hold a special election in 1948 to help resolve matters and in 1948 Herman Talmadge defeated Thompson.
Civil Rights
• The 1946 election just proved how committed some Georgians were to the idea of Segregation even though there was a growing movement for integration and equality.
• Brown v. Board of Education (1956)
– It overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that it was okay to have separate schools as long as all goods, services, transportation, and equipment were equal.
– It said that “ALL public school would desegregate with all deliberate speed.”
– While it ordered integration, it did not give “specific” timetables
– In Ga, there was strong resistance to integration and Gov Vandiver was re-elected partly on his promise to keep schools segregated.
• The Sibley Commission was founded to investigate the integration issue and found that many Georgians would rather close the schools than integrate
1956 flag
• In 1956, during the heated topic of integration, the Ga General Assembly voted to change the state flag from a vertical blue field on the left and two red horizontal stripes divided by one white stripe to a flag that incorporated the St. Andrews Cross which was the Confederate Battle Flag Emblem.
• Many believe the change was a protest to the Brown v. Board of Education Ruling on Segregation.
• Most Blacks found the change offensive and as a reminder of slavery.
• Some whites, such as the Daughters of the Confederacy, did not support the change either.
Martin Luther King Jr.
• 3rd Generation minister that grew up and lived in Atlanta
• In 1944, at 15 years old, he entered Morehouse University in Atlanta
• Ordained into the ministry in1947 at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta while he was attending seminary at Crozer theological Seminary in Pennsylvania.
• He believed in a Non-violent approach to social change based on the writings of Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Ghandi.
• He believed in a four prong approach to gain civil rights
– 1) direct, non-violent action
– 2)legal remedies
– 3) Ballots
– 4) Economic Boycotts
b. Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil RightsMovement of the 1960s and 1970s; include such events as the founding of theStudent Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Sibley Commission, admission of Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to the University of Georgia, Albany Movement, March on Washington, Civil Rights Act, theelection of Maynard Jackson as mayor of Atlanta, and the role of Lester Maddox
Civil Rights Movement 1960s-70s
• As the Civil Rights issue heated up, more support came from the North.
• MLK organized sit-ins, lie-ins, boycotts, and protests often with the help of people (black and white) bussed in from the North
• MLK founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) which worked for Civil Rights
• The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in 1960 to publicize and organize sit-in demonstrations.
• The “March on Washington” for Jobs and Freedom took place on 8-28-1963. It was led by MLK and attended by 250,000 people. It was one of the first nationally televised events and was where King made his “I have a dream…” speech.
• Civil Rights Act – A series of act signed by the President that guaranteed the same civil rights to all U.S. citizens such as voting and access to public facilities
Albany Movement
• In 1955,the Supreme Court prohibited segregation in interstate bus abs and train terminals.
• In 1961, in Albany, Ga., Not only were the terminals still segregated but so were the schools and other facilities even though the towns population was 40% black.
• The NAACP and the SNCC decided to test the Albany policy of segregation. They entered the “whites only” waiting room and were quickly arrested. In December, “Freedom Riders” (people who supported integration and equality) came come from all over the North and South to “sit-it” the bus terminal. They were also arrested bringing National attention to Albany, Ga. The Next day SNCC organized a march of Black students to the same train station where the freedom riders were arrested. These students were arrested and jailed while the Nation watched.
• Such attention forced Albany to form a biracial committee to review its policies
School Integration
• In 1960, recognizing the coming change in social attitude toward integration and the influence of the Federal Gov’t, the GA General Assembly formed the Sibley commission to investigate public opinion of school integration.
• The commission found that by a 3-2 margin, Georgians would rather shut down the school system rather than integrate.
• The Supreme Court and Federal Gov’t did not back down.
• On 1-6-1961n Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes became the first black students at the University of Ga. despite many protests from students and faculty. Backing and overseeing their admission was Gov. Vandiver (who one time opposed integration) and state patrol officers.
• Hunter graduated and became a successful newspaper and TV reporter before returning to UGA to give the Commencement address in 1988.
• Holmes became a successful orthopedic surgeon in Atlanta.
Atlanta and the Civil Rights Movement
• Atlanta was very resistant to change under the leadership of Talmadge and other governors but with Gov. Vandiver, even though he was a segregationist at first, integration was smoother in Ga than in other states.
• In large cities such as Los Angeles, Boston, Newark and Birmingham, there were huge race riots but in Atlanta things were smooth.
• Under the leadership of governors such as Hartsfield and Allen, Atlanta became and integrated city and was the role for the rest of Ga and other cities in the U.S. The Atlanta school system was the first LARGE school system to integrate. Gov Allen ordered all “Whites” and “Blacks” signs removed from the Courthouse. Movie theaters opened to Blacks and public restaurants began to accept Black patrons. City transportation allowed mixed traffic.
• In1969, Atlanta was praised by Time magazine as an “oasis of tolerance”
Lester Maddox
• Became Gov of Ga in 1967
• Surprised many people by appointing more blacks to state boards and commissions than all previous governors combined.
• Named the first black member to the Board of Pardons and Paroles
• Reformed state prisons
• Integrated the State Patrol
• Increased spending on teacher salaries and schools.
• Established a peoples day where twice a month people could visit the Gov mansion to discuss whatever they wish
Atlanta's Minority Leaders
• Atlanta began to show her diversity with the election of Sam Massell a Jewish mayor and the followed with the election of Maynard Jackson, Andrew Young, Bill Campbell, and Shirley Jackson, all Black Mayors.
• Maynard Jackson – sworn into office in 1974 becoming the youngest and first black mayor. He was known for giving neighborhood a voice in city politics, expanding the Airport, restructuring the fire and police dept. and helping to get the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.
• Andrew Young –Worked alongside of MLK for Civil Rights and became mayor of Atlanta after Jackson. He was instrumental in getting the Olympics and went on to serve as an Ambassador fromt eh U.S.
c. Discuss the impact of Andrew Young on Georgia
Andrew Young
• Worked alongside of MLK for Civil Rights and became mayor of Atlanta after Jackson. He was instrumental in getting the Olympics and went on to serve as an Ambassador from the U.S.
• He brought world wide focus to Ga helping to stimulate international business trade with industries in GA
Standard 8H10
SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgiafrom 1945 to 1970.
a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth.
Georgia Economics
• Ga began as a colony focused on Agriculture with the hopes of raising indigo, rice, spices, and even mulberry trees from which Silk worms would produce silk for export.
• This plan did not work out but Ga continued as an agricultural society growing rice and eventually cotton. Cotton became the cash crop in the late 1700s through the 1920s. As new varieties of cotton were developed Ga began to grow the cotton further inland following the fall line which was perfect for powering cotton mills. The cotton gin helped Ga process cotton much faster and the crop grew in importance.
• In the 1920s the Boll Weevil almost wiped out cotton and continued to be problem into the 1990s.
• Ga had to find new cash crops and turned to peanuts, corn, peaches, and pecans.
• Ga also began to see the need for diversification and industry.
b. Explain how the development of Atlanta, including the roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports, contributed to the growth of Georgia
Atlanta and Ga Growth
• The symbol for Atlanta is a mythical phoenix rising from the ashes of a fire which is exactly what Atlanta did after Sherman burnt it to the ground at the end of the Civil War.
• Atlanta is one of the largest cities in the Southeast U.S. and is a crucial hub for air, car, and rail traffic. Atlanta blends industry and agriculture to achieve maximum economic profit.
• William B. Hartsfield served as Atlanta’s mayor from 1937-1961. He helped make Atlanta a transportation hub as well as sought to make Atlanta biracial city where everyone worked together. He hired black police officers, He helped integrate schools and end segregated public café’s.
• Ted Turner pioneered cable TV and with this, he made the Atlanta Braves a household fixture. This helped bring National attention to Ga. and helped show that the South (GA) was not as “backward” as was thought.
c. Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall.
• Elected in 1942 and was 1st governor to serve a 4 year term under the new Constitutional amendment.
• Took quick steps to make the board of regents independent of the Gov. office which led to the Southern Association of Colleges and Universities to restore accreditation to Ga Schools
• Removed the Prison system from under Gov. Control and established a Board of correction to oversee Prison System
• Abolished the Poll Tax and guided the state in writing a New ConstitutionIs Best remembered for arguing that “Boys old enough to go to war should also be old enough to vote” which led to GA being the first state to let 18 year olds vote
a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth.
Georgia Economics
• Ga began as a colony focused on Agriculture with the hopes of raising indigo, rice, spices, and even mulberry trees from which Silk worms would produce silk for export.
• This plan did not work out but Ga continued as an agricultural society growing rice and eventually cotton. Cotton became the cash crop in the late 1700s through the 1920s. As new varieties of cotton were developed Ga began to grow the cotton further inland following the fall line which was perfect for powering cotton mills. The cotton gin helped Ga process cotton much faster and the crop grew in importance.
• In the 1920s the Boll Weevil almost wiped out cotton and continued to be problem into the 1990s.
• Ga had to find new cash crops and turned to peanuts, corn, peaches, and pecans.
• Ga also began to see the need for diversification and industry.
b. Explain how the development of Atlanta, including the roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports, contributed to the growth of Georgia
Atlanta and Ga Growth
• The symbol for Atlanta is a mythical phoenix rising from the ashes of a fire which is exactly what Atlanta did after Sherman burnt it to the ground at the end of the Civil War.
• Atlanta is one of the largest cities in the Southeast U.S. and is a crucial hub for air, car, and rail traffic. Atlanta blends industry and agriculture to achieve maximum economic profit.
• William B. Hartsfield served as Atlanta’s mayor from 1937-1961. He helped make Atlanta a transportation hub as well as sought to make Atlanta biracial city where everyone worked together. He hired black police officers, He helped integrate schools and end segregated public café’s.
• Ted Turner pioneered cable TV and with this, he made the Atlanta Braves a household fixture. This helped bring National attention to Ga. and helped show that the South (GA) was not as “backward” as was thought.
c. Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall.
• Elected in 1942 and was 1st governor to serve a 4 year term under the new Constitutional amendment.
• Took quick steps to make the board of regents independent of the Gov. office which led to the Southern Association of Colleges and Universities to restore accreditation to Ga Schools
• Removed the Prison system from under Gov. Control and established a Board of correction to oversee Prison System
• Abolished the Poll Tax and guided the state in writing a New ConstitutionIs Best remembered for arguing that “Boys old enough to go to war should also be old enough to vote” which led to GA being the first state to let 18 year olds vote
Standard 8H9
SS8H9 The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically
a. Describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in WorldWar II; include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
WWII
• In the rebuilding of Germany in the 1930s, a man named Adolph Hitler rose to power promising to lead Germany out of Depression. He began to invade neighboring countries which led to World War II
• The United States again declared its neutrality and wanted to trade with both sides that were fighting but really began to help the British and her allies more than Germany and her partners.
• While remaining neutral, The U.S. struck up a LEND-Lease agreement with Great Britain. It was illegal to SELL war supplies but we could LEND or LEASE them to whomever we wanted.
• This made Germany mad. Germany had partnered up with Japan who disliked Russia and Japan wanted control of all Pacific Islands.
• Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on Dec7, 1941. FDR went to Congress and declared it “a day which would live in infamy” and the U.S. entered into WWII by declaring War on Japan.
b. Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson.
Georgia Industry during WWII
• As the U.S. entered WWII, the economy began to get better. Industries began to supply war material and people became employed.
• In Ga., as elsewhere, Men went war and for the first time in history women entered the workforce in huge numbers. They had to replace men in factories, shops, and on farms.
• Bell Aircraft Plant in Marietta built B29 bombers and employed 30000 people.
• Military bases employed large numbers of civilians and trained thousands of soldiers for war. The soldiers and bases spent $$ in the area and boosted the economy of Ga.
• The shipyards of Savannah and Brunswick employed workers to build “Liberty”ships to fight in the war. Together they produced 187 ships.
• These industries and war time efforts pulled our nation out of the Great Depression.
Georgia People during WWII
• Richard Russell
– Was Governor of Ga in 1931
– Established the Board of Regents to oversee colleges
– Served 38 years as a Senator from Ga.
– Believed in States Rights and Military preparedness
• Carl Vinson
– Served 25 consecutive terms in house of Representatives for Ga
– Responsible for many of Ga military bases
– Believed in a Strong National Defense
– Strengthened the Navy and Air Force
– Known as the the “Father of the Two Ocean Navy”
c. Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians.
Holocaust
• One of Hitler's goals was to establish a “pure” race which meant that everyone was supposed to be fair skinned with blond hair and blue eyes
• He particularly disliked the Jews and began rounding them up and putting them in Work prisons called concentration camps.
• He treated them horribly starving many to death and mistreating many others. Families were torn apart.
• At one point in WWII he began the extermination of all Jews. He put them in gas chambers, incinerators, or lined them up and shot them in mass numbers.
• It is estimated that 6 million Jews were killed. That is like killing everyone in Atlanta and the 28 counties around it.
• When soldiers began liberating these camps, the world was shocked.
• The killing is called the “Holocaust”
d. Discuss the ties to Georgia that President Roosevelt had and his impact on the state.
FDR and GA
• Ga was the 2nd home to FDR.
• He built a place nicknamed the “Little Whitehouse” in Warm Springs Ga where he spent a lot of time
• FDR suffered from polio which left him on crutches and in a wheelchair.
• He invested time and money into the community turning the warm underground springs found in that location into swimming pools and treatment facilities for polio victims.
• He often toured Ga and met with the people.He was close friends with Carl Vinson, a fact that helped to establish military bases in Ga and not elsewhere.
a. Describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in WorldWar II; include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
WWII
• In the rebuilding of Germany in the 1930s, a man named Adolph Hitler rose to power promising to lead Germany out of Depression. He began to invade neighboring countries which led to World War II
• The United States again declared its neutrality and wanted to trade with both sides that were fighting but really began to help the British and her allies more than Germany and her partners.
• While remaining neutral, The U.S. struck up a LEND-Lease agreement with Great Britain. It was illegal to SELL war supplies but we could LEND or LEASE them to whomever we wanted.
• This made Germany mad. Germany had partnered up with Japan who disliked Russia and Japan wanted control of all Pacific Islands.
• Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on Dec7, 1941. FDR went to Congress and declared it “a day which would live in infamy” and the U.S. entered into WWII by declaring War on Japan.
b. Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson.
Georgia Industry during WWII
• As the U.S. entered WWII, the economy began to get better. Industries began to supply war material and people became employed.
• In Ga., as elsewhere, Men went war and for the first time in history women entered the workforce in huge numbers. They had to replace men in factories, shops, and on farms.
• Bell Aircraft Plant in Marietta built B29 bombers and employed 30000 people.
• Military bases employed large numbers of civilians and trained thousands of soldiers for war. The soldiers and bases spent $$ in the area and boosted the economy of Ga.
• The shipyards of Savannah and Brunswick employed workers to build “Liberty”ships to fight in the war. Together they produced 187 ships.
• These industries and war time efforts pulled our nation out of the Great Depression.
Georgia People during WWII
• Richard Russell
– Was Governor of Ga in 1931
– Established the Board of Regents to oversee colleges
– Served 38 years as a Senator from Ga.
– Believed in States Rights and Military preparedness
• Carl Vinson
– Served 25 consecutive terms in house of Representatives for Ga
– Responsible for many of Ga military bases
– Believed in a Strong National Defense
– Strengthened the Navy and Air Force
– Known as the the “Father of the Two Ocean Navy”
c. Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians.
Holocaust
• One of Hitler's goals was to establish a “pure” race which meant that everyone was supposed to be fair skinned with blond hair and blue eyes
• He particularly disliked the Jews and began rounding them up and putting them in Work prisons called concentration camps.
• He treated them horribly starving many to death and mistreating many others. Families were torn apart.
• At one point in WWII he began the extermination of all Jews. He put them in gas chambers, incinerators, or lined them up and shot them in mass numbers.
• It is estimated that 6 million Jews were killed. That is like killing everyone in Atlanta and the 28 counties around it.
• When soldiers began liberating these camps, the world was shocked.
• The killing is called the “Holocaust”
d. Discuss the ties to Georgia that President Roosevelt had and his impact on the state.
FDR and GA
• Ga was the 2nd home to FDR.
• He built a place nicknamed the “Little Whitehouse” in Warm Springs Ga where he spent a lot of time
• FDR suffered from polio which left him on crutches and in a wheelchair.
• He invested time and money into the community turning the warm underground springs found in that location into swimming pools and treatment facilities for polio victims.
• He often toured Ga and met with the people.He was close friends with Carl Vinson, a fact that helped to establish military bases in Ga and not elsewhere.
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